महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-44, verse-29

रथिनः कुञ्जरानश्वान्पदातींश्चावमर्दितान् ।
दृष्ट्वा दुर्योधनः क्षिप्रमुपायात्तममर्षितः ॥२९॥

29. rathinaḥ kuñjarānaśvānpadātīṁścāvamarditān ,
dṛṣṭvā duryodhanaḥ kṣipramupāyāttamamarṣitaḥ.

29. rathinaḥ kuñjarān aśvān padātīn ca avamarditān
dṛṣṭvā duryodhanaḥ kṣipram upāyāt tam amarṣitaḥ

29. duryodhanaḥ kṣipram amarṣitaḥ rathinaḥ kuñjarān
aśvān padātīn ca avamarditān dṛṣṭvā tam upāyāt

29. Having seen the charioteers, elephants, horses, and foot-soldiers crushed, Duryodhana, full of indignation (amarṣita), quickly approached him (Abhimanyu).

Words meanings summery:

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

• कुञ्जरान् (kuñjarān) - elephants

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• पदातीन् (padātīn) - foot-soldiers, infantry

• च (ca) - and

• अवमर्दितान् (avamarditān) - crushed, trampled, oppressed

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached, came near, went to

• तम् (tam) - Abhimanyu (him, that (person))

• अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - enraged, indignant, intolerant, impatient

Words meanings and morphology

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot, possessing a chariot

From `ratha` (chariot) + `in` (possessing) suffix

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

कुञ्जरान् (kuñjarān) - elephants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant (literally 'one who sports in mountain caves')

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

पदातीन् (padātīn) - foot-soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of padātin

padātin - foot-soldier, infantry, pedestrian

From `pada` (foot) + `atin` (going, traversing)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pada+atin)

• pada – foot, step, word
  noun (neuter)
• atin – going, traversing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root `at` (to go, move) + `in` suffix
  Root: at (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective conjunction.

अवमर्दितान् (avamarditān) - crushed, trampled, oppressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of avamardita

avamardita - crushed, trampled, oppressed, subdued

Past Passive Participle

From `ava` (prefix) + root `mṛd` (to crush, trample) + `kta` suffix

Prefix: ava

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'rathinaḥ', 'kuñjarān', 'aśvān', 'padātīn'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root `dṛś` (class 1) + `ktvā` suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

`dur` (difficult) + `yodhana` (to fight) - one who is difficult to conquer

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, battle
  noun (masculine)
  From root `yudh` (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'upāyāt'.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

From root `kṣip` (to throw)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Adverb modifying 'upāyāt'.

उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached, came near, went to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect tense

From `upa` (preverb) + root `i` (class 2). `ā` results from sandhi of the augment `a` and root `i`.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'duryodhanaḥ'.

तम् (tam) - Abhimanyu (him, that (person))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'upāyāt', referring to Abhimanyu.

अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - enraged, indignant, intolerant, impatient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣita

amarṣita - indignant, enraged, impatient, intolerant

Past Passive Participle (with negative prefix)

Compound of `a` (negative prefix) + `marṣita` (tolerated). From root `mṛṣ` (to bear, endure) + `kta` suffix

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (negative) (a+marṣita)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• marṣita – tolerated, endured, forgiven
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `mṛṣ` (to bear, endure) + `kta` suffix
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'duryodhanaḥ'.