महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-30, verse-20

तं दहन्तमनीकानि द्रोणपुत्रः प्रतापवान् ।
पूर्वाभिभाषी सुश्लक्ष्णं स्मयमानोऽभ्यभाषत ॥२०॥

20. taṁ dahantamanīkāni droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān ,
pūrvābhibhāṣī suślakṣṇaṁ smayamāno'bhyabhāṣata.

20. tam dahantam anīkāni droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān
pūrvābhibhāṣī suślakṣṇam smayamānaḥ abhyabhāṣata

20. pratāpavān droṇaputraḥ pūrvābhibhāṣī suślakṣṇam
smayamānaḥ anīkāni dahantam tam abhyabhāṣata

20. Drona's mighty son, Ashvatthama, always one to speak first, then addressed Nila, who was consuming the enemy armies, speaking very courteously and with a smile.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Nila) (him, that)

• दहन्तम् (dahantam) - burning, consuming

• अनीकानि (anīkāni) - armies, hosts

• द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Ashvatthama, Drona's son (son of Drona, Ashvatthama)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

• पूर्वाभिभाषी (pūrvābhibhāṣī) - one who speaks first, proactive in speaking

• सुश्लक्ष्णम् (suślakṣṇam) - very smoothly, very politely, courteously

• स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - smiling

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed, spoke to

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Nila) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दहन्तम् (dahantam) - burning, consuming

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dahat

dahat - burning, consuming (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dah (to burn), in its present active participial form.

Root: dah (class 1)

अनीकानि (anīkāni) - armies, hosts

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, troop

द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Ashvatthama, Drona's son (son of Drona, Ashvatthama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Drona (Ashvatthama)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, powerful, glorious, splendid

पूर्वाभिभाषी (pūrvābhibhāṣī) - one who speaks first, proactive in speaking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrvābhibhāṣin

pūrvābhibhāṣin - one who speaks first

Derived from pūrva (first) and abhibhāṣin (speaking to)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (pūrva+abhibhāṣin)

• pūrva – first, prior, ancient
  adjective (masculine)
• abhibhāṣin – speaking to, addressing, talking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from verbal root
  Derived from the root bhāṣ with prefix abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

सुश्लक्ष्णम् (suślakṣṇam) - very smoothly, very politely, courteously

(indeclinable)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+ślakṣṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• ślakṣṇa – smooth, soft, polite, gentle
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adverbial form of the adjective.

स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayamāna

smayamāna - smiling (present middle participle)

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root smi (to smile), in its present middle participial form.

Root: smi (class 1)

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed, spoke to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-bhāṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)