महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-30, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
तेष्वनीकेषु भग्नेषु पाण्डुपुत्रेण संजय ।
चलितानां द्रुतानां च कथमासीन्मनो हि वः ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
teṣvanīkeṣu bhagneṣu pāṇḍuputreṇa saṁjaya ,
calitānāṁ drutānāṁ ca kathamāsīnmano hi vaḥ.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca teṣu anīkeṣu bhagneṣu pāṇḍuputreṇa
sañjaya calitānāṃ drutānāṃ ca kathaṃ āsīt manaḥ hi vaḥ

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca sañjaya teṣu anīkeṣu pāṇḍuputreṇa
bhagneṣu calitānāṃ drutānāṃ ca vaḥ manaḥ kathaṃ āsīt hi

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'O Sañjaya, when those armies were shattered by the son of Pāṇḍu, how indeed were the spirits of your fleeing and retreating men?'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (blind king, father of Kauravas) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Proper Noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तेषु (teṣu) - in those (armies) (in those, among those)

• अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in those armies (in the armies, among the troops)

• भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - when broken/shattered (in the broken, among the shattered)

• पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by the son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna or any Pāṇḍava, implies Arjuna as the main warrior) (by the son of Pāṇḍu)

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and reporter) (O Sañjaya! (Proper Noun))

• चलितानां (calitānāṁ) - of those who were retreating (of those who have moved, of the moving ones)

• द्रुतानां (drutānāṁ) - of those who were fleeing (of those who have fled, of the fleeing ones)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

• मनः (manaḥ) - spirits (or mental state) (mind, heart, spirit, intellect)

• हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, for, because)

• वः (vaḥ) - your (referring to the Kaurava army/side) (your (plural), of you (plural), to you (plural))

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (blind king, father of Kauravas) (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Proper Noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name), one who holds the kingdom

Compound: 'dhṛta' (held, supported) + 'rāṣṭra' (kingdom, country).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, bear) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, nation
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj

Note: Subject of the verb 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Third person singular, perfect active, parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

तेषु (teṣu) - in those (armies) (in those, among those)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Adjective modifying 'anīkeṣu'.

अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in those armies (in the armies, among the troops)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, troop, host, front, face

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - when broken/shattered (in the broken, among the shattered)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, dispersed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhañj' (to break, shatter) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying 'anīkeṣu' within the locative absolute construction.

पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by the son of Pāṇḍu (Arjuna or any Pāṇḍava, implies Arjuna as the main warrior) (by the son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound: 'pāṇḍu' (Pāṇḍu) + 'putra' (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of king, father of Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child, offspring
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of breaking the armies.

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and reporter) (O Sañjaya! (Proper Noun))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (proper name), victory, triumphant

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'saṃ'.

चलितानां (calitānāṁ) - of those who were retreating (of those who have moved, of the moving ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of calita

calita - moved, shaken, disturbed, gone, departed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'cal' (to move, shake) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Refers to the soldiers.

द्रुतानां (drutānāṁ) - of those who were fleeing (of those who have fled, of the fleeing ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of druta

druta - fled, run away, hastened, quick

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dru' (to run, flee) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Refers to the soldiers.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle/adverb.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

Third person singular, imperfect active, parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

मनः (manaḥ) - spirits (or mental state) (mind, heart, spirit, intellect)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, spirit, disposition

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'.

हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

वः (vaḥ) - your (referring to the Kaurava army/side) (your (plural), of you (plural), to you (plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Enclitic form of genitive/dative plural of 'yuṣmad'.