महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-30, verse-16

समासाद्य तु पाण्डूनामनीकानि सहस्रशः ।
द्रोणेन चरता संख्ये प्रभग्नानि शितैः शरैः ॥१६॥

16. samāsādya tu pāṇḍūnāmanīkāni sahasraśaḥ ,
droṇena caratā saṁkhye prabhagnāni śitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

16. samāsādya tu pāṇḍūnām anīkāni sahasraśaḥ
droṇena caratā saṃkhye prabhagnāni śitaiḥ śaraiḥ

16. tu droṇena saṃkhye caratā samāsādya pāṇḍūnām
sahasraśaḥ anīkāni śitaiḥ śaraiḥ prabhagnāni

16. But indeed, after encountering thousands of the Pandavas' armies, they were shattered by Drona, who was fighting in battle, with sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having encountered, having obtained

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pandavas

• अनीकानि (anīkāni) - armies, troops

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

• चरता (caratā) - by Drona who was fighting (by one who is moving, by one who is fighting)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in war

• प्रभग्नानि (prabhagnāni) - shattered, broken, defeated

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, keen

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having reached, having encountered, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From sam-ā-sad (to approach, reach).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Connects to droṇena.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pandu (name of the father of the Pandavas)

Note: Qualifies anīkāni.

अनीकानि (anīkāni) - armies, troops

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, array of battle

Note: Acts as both object of samāsādya and subject of the passive prabhagnāni.

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

(indeclinable)

Formed with śaḥ suffix from sahasra (thousand).

Note: Modifies anīkāni.

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the guru of Kauravas and Pandavas)

Note: Agent of prabhagnāni.

चरता (caratā) - by Drona who was fighting (by one who is moving, by one who is fighting)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, acting, fighting

Present Active Participle

From root car (to move, wander, act) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies droṇena.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, war, encounter

From sam-khyā (to count, compute) or sam-kha (to strike).

Note: Adverbial, specifying where Drona was fighting.

प्रभग्नानि (prabhagnāni) - shattered, broken, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of prabhagna

prabhagna - shattered, broken, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From pra-bhañj (to break, shatter).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Main predicative part of the clause for anīkāni.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, keen

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, keen, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen).

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies śaraiḥ.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

From root śṛ (to break).

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Instrument of the shattering.