महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-87, verse-24

तमापतन्तमुद्वीक्ष्य कालसृष्टमिवान्तकम् ।
न विव्यथे महाराज पुत्रो दुर्योधनस्तव ॥२४॥

24. tamāpatantamudvīkṣya kālasṛṣṭamivāntakam ,
na vivyathe mahārāja putro duryodhanastava.

24. tam āpatantam udvīkṣya kālasṛṣṭam iva antakam
na vivyathe mahārāja putraḥ duryodhanaḥ tava

24. mahārāja tam kālasṛṣṭam antakam iva āpatantam
udvīkṣya tava putraḥ duryodhanaḥ na vivyathe

24. O great king, having seen him approaching like Death (Antaka) created by Time, your son Duryodhana was not agitated.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the son of Bhimasena, Ghaṭotkaca) (him, that one)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon, attacking

• उद्वीक्ष्य (udvīkṣya) - having seen, having perceived, after observing

• कालसृष्टम् (kālasṛṣṭam) - created by Time, destined by Time

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अन्तकम् (antakam) - Death, the Destroyer (Antaka)

• न (na) - not, no

• विव्यथे (vivyathe) - he was agitated, he trembled, he was distressed

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your (singular))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the son of Bhimasena, Ghaṭotkaca) (him, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Bhaimaseni (Ghaṭotkaca).

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon, attacking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon

Present Active Participle

From √pat (to fall) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

उद्वीक्ष्य (udvīkṣya) - having seen, having perceived, after observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefixes 'ud' and 'vi' and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: ud+vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

कालसृष्टम् (kālasṛṣṭam) - created by Time, destined by Time

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālasṛṣṭa

kālasṛṣṭa - created by Time, formed by destiny

Past Passive Participle

Compound with 'kāla' and P.P.P. of √sṛj.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+sṛṣṭa)

• kāla – time, destiny, fate
  noun (masculine)
• sṛṣṭa – created, produced, released
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √sṛj (to create, emit)
  Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'antakam'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अन्तकम् (antakam) - Death, the Destroyer (Antaka)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of antaka

antaka - causing an end, destroyer, Death, Yama (Antaka)

From √ant (to end)

Root: ant (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yama, the god of death.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'vivyathe'.

विव्यथे (vivyathe) - he was agitated, he trembled, he was distressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of vyath

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Reduplicated perfect form (ātmanepada).

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of 'vivyathe'.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince, 'hard to fight/conquer')

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Identifies 'putraḥ'.

तव (tava) - your (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (your (singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agrees with 'putraḥ'.