महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-87, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
इरावन्तं तु निहतं दृष्ट्वा पार्था महारथाः ।
संग्रामे किमकुर्वन्त तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
irāvantaṁ tu nihataṁ dṛṣṭvā pārthā mahārathāḥ ,
saṁgrāme kimakurvanta tanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca irāvantaṃ tu nihataṃ dṛṣṭvā pārthāḥ
mahārathāḥ saṅgrāme kim akurvanta tat mama ācakṣva saṃjaya

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃjaya,
irāvantaṃ tu nihataṃ dṛṣṭvā,
saṅgrāme mahārathāḥ pārthāḥ kim akurvanta,
tat mama ācakṣva.

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "Saṃjaya, tell me what the great charioteer Pārthas did in battle after seeing Irāvān killed."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra spoke. (said, spoke)

• इरावन्तं (irāvantaṁ) - Irāvān, Arjuna's son from a Nāga princess. (Irāvān)

• तु (tu) - Emphatic particle, 'indeed'. (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• निहतं (nihataṁ) - killed (Irāvān) (killed, slain)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after seeing Irāvān killed. (having seen)

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - The Pāṇḍavas, specifically Arjuna, Bhīma, and Yudhiṣṭhira, who were great charioteers. (sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - Describing the Pārthas as supreme warriors. (great charioteers, great warriors)

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in the Kurukṣetra battle. (in battle, in conflict)

• किम् (kim) - What (did they do)? (what, why, whether)

• अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - What action did they take? (they did, they made)

• तत् (tat) - that (matter), referring to the question. (that, this)

• मम (mama) - Tell me. (my, of me, to me)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - Tell me (Saṃjaya). (tell, relate)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and advisor to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, narrating the war. (Saṃjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Name of the blind king, son of Vyāsa and Ambikā.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāṣṭ

उवाच (uvāca) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra spoke. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (Liṭ)

Strong form of the root vac in the perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

इरावन्तं (irāvantaṁ) - Irāvān, Arjuna's son from a Nāga princess. (Irāvān)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of irāvant

irāvant - Name of a son of Arjuna.

तु (tu) - Emphatic particle, 'indeed'. (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

निहतं (nihataṁ) - killed (Irāvān) (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Concordant with Irāvantaṃ.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - after seeing Irāvān killed. (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Ktvā)

Formed from root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - The Pāṇḍavas, specifically Arjuna, Bhīma, and Yudhiṣṭhira, who were great charioteers. (sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), name given to the Pāṇḍavas

Derived from Pṛthā with the aṇ suffix.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - Describing the Pārthas as supreme warriors. (great charioteers, great warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car; warrior (by extension)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Concordant with Pārthāḥ.

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in the Kurukṣetra battle. (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict

From saṃ + grāma (assemblage of villages for conflict).

Prefix: sam

Root: gram

किम् (kim) - What (did they do)? (what, why, whether)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Can also be indeclinable when meaning "why?". Here it is accusative for "what action".

अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - What action did they take? (they did, they made)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect (Laṅ) - Ātmanepada

a-prefix + kṛ + v + an + ta (3rd plural Ātmanepada). Root kṛ is a Class 8 verb (tanādi).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Ātmanepada ending for a Parasmaipada root is unusual but occurs in epic Sanskrit.

तत् (tat) - that (matter), referring to the question. (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

मम (mama) - Tell me. (my, of me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Can be used for dative meaning 'to me' with verbs of telling.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - Tell me (Saṃjaya). (tell, relate)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

Imperative (Loṭ) - Ātmanepada

Formed from root cakṣ (to see, perceive, speak) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - The charioteer and advisor to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, narrating the war. (Saṃjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Name of the charioteer and minister of Dhṛtarāṣṭra.