महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-87, verse-11

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य गजानीकेन संवृतम् ।
पुत्रं तव महाराज चुकोप स निशाचरः ॥११॥

11. tamāpatantaṁ saṁprekṣya gajānīkena saṁvṛtam ,
putraṁ tava mahārāja cukopa sa niśācaraḥ.

11. tam āpatantam samprekṣya gajānikena saṃvṛtam
putram tava mahārāja cukopa saḥ niśācaraḥ

11. mahārāja saḥ niśācaraḥ tava putram gajānikena
saṃvṛtam āpatantam samprekṣya cukopa

11. O great king, observing your son approaching, surrounded by the elephant army, that night-wanderer became enraged.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that (masc. acc. sg.))

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, coming towards, falling upon)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - observing (having seen well, having observed, having perceived)

• गजानिकेन (gajānikena) - by the elephant army

• संवृतम् (saṁvṛtam) - surrounded (surrounded, covered, concealed)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• चुकोप (cukopa) - became enraged (became angry, was enraged)

• सः (saḥ) - that (he, that (masc. nom. sg.))

• निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-wanderer (referring to Ghatotkacha) (night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that (masc. acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, coming towards, falling upon)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ā-patant

pat - to fall, to fly, to move quickly

Present active participle

Derived from root pat with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'putram'

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - observing (having seen well, having observed, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root īkṣ with prefixes sam and pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form

गजानिकेन (gajānikena) - by the elephant army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of gajānika

gajānika - elephant army

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+anīka)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array
  noun (neuter)

संवृतम् (saṁvṛtam) - surrounded (surrounded, covered, concealed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sam-vṛta

vṛ - to cover, to choose, to enclose

Past passive participle

Derived from root vṛ with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'putram'

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Possessive form

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahant+rājan)

• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

चुकोप (cukopa) - became enraged (became angry, was enraged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of kup

Root: kup (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - that (he, that (masc. nom. sg.))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-wanderer (referring to Ghatotkacha) (night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa, owl, thief

Derived from niśā (night) and car (to move)

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (niśā+car)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• car – moving, wandering (agent noun from √car)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root car (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)