महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-87, verse-20

वेगवन्तं महारौद्रं विद्युज्जिह्वं प्रमाथिनम् ।
शरैश्चतुर्भिश्चतुरो निजघान महारथः ॥२०॥

20. vegavantaṁ mahāraudraṁ vidyujjihvaṁ pramāthinam ,
śaraiścaturbhiścaturo nijaghāna mahārathaḥ.

20. vegavantam mahāraudram vidyujjihvam pramāthinam
śaraiḥ caturbhiḥ caturaḥ nijaghāna mahārathaḥ

20. mahārathaḥ caturbhiḥ śaraiḥ vegavantam mahāraudram
vidyujjihvam pramāthinam caturaḥ nijaghāna

20. The great charioteer killed four (Rākṣasas)—the swift, extremely fierce, lightning-tongued, and tormenting ones—with four arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• वेगवन्तम् (vegavantam) - swift, impetuous, powerful

• महारौद्रम् (mahāraudram) - extremely fierce, very dreadful

• विद्युज्जिह्वम् (vidyujjihvam) - lightning-tongued, having a tongue like lightning

• प्रमाथिनम् (pramāthinam) - tormenting, destructive, crushing

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four, with four

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four (ones)

• निजघान (nijaghāna) - killed, struck down

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - the great charioteer

Words meanings and morphology

वेगवन्तम् (vegavantam) - swift, impetuous, powerful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, quick, impetuous, powerful

Derived from vega (speed, force) with suffix -vat.

Note: Agrees with an implied rākṣasam (one of the four).

महारौद्रम् (mahāraudram) - extremely fierce, very dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāraudra

mahāraudra - extremely fierce, very dreadful

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+raudra)

• mahā – great, extremely
  adjective
• raudra – fierce, dreadful, terrific
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with an implied rākṣasam (one of the four).

विद्युज्जिह्वम् (vidyujjihvam) - lightning-tongued, having a tongue like lightning

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidyujjihva

vidyujjihva - lightning-tongued, having a tongue like lightning (describing speed/fierceness)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vidyut+jihvā)

• vidyut – lightning
  noun (feminine)
• jihvā – tongue
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with an implied rākṣasam (one of the four).

प्रमाथिनम् (pramāthinam) - tormenting, destructive, crushing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pramāthin

pramāthin - tormenting, crushing, destructive

Agent noun derived from root math (to churn, to destroy) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: math (class 9)

Note: Agrees with an implied rākṣasam (one of the four).

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Means of action.

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - by four, with four

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with śaraiḥ.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four (ones)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to four Rākṣasas, the objects of the verb nijaghāna.

निजघान (nijaghāna) - killed, struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of nijaghāna

Perfect

Root han (to kill) with prefix ni. Third person singular, active voice.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - the great charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 archers simultaneously

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence, refers to Duryodhana.