महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-59, verse-28

नाशक्नुवन्वारयितुं वरिष्ठं मध्यंदिने सूर्यमिवातपन्तम् ।
न तत्र कश्चिन्नविषण्ण आसीदृते राजन्सोमदत्तस्य पुत्रात् ॥२८॥

28. nāśaknuvanvārayituṁ variṣṭhaṁ; madhyaṁdine sūryamivātapantam ,
na tatra kaścinnaviṣaṇṇa āsī;dṛte rājansomadattasya putrāt.

28. na aśaknuvan vārayitum variṣṭham
madhyaṃdine sūryam iva ātapantam
na tatra kaścit na viṣaṇṇaḥ āsīt
ṛte rājan somadattasya putrāt

28. rājan (O king),
(te - implied subject) variṣṭham (the foremost) madhyaṃdine (at midday) sūryam iva (like the sun) ātapantam (scorching) vārayitum (to stop) na aśaknuvan (they were unable).
tatra (there) somadattasya putrāt ṛte (except for Somadatta's son) kaścit (anyone) viṣaṇṇaḥ āsīt (was dejected).

28. They were unable to stop the foremost warrior, who was scorching them like the midday sun. O king, everyone there was disheartened except for Somadatta's son.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were unable

• वारयितुम् (vārayitum) - to stop, to prevent, to avert

• वरिष्ठम् (variṣṭham) - referring to the most excellent warrior, likely Sātyaki or another powerful combatant (the best, the foremost, the most excellent)

• मध्यंदिने (madhyaṁdine) - at midday, at noon

• सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• आतपन्तम् (ātapantam) - scorching, burning, heating

• न (na) - not, no

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain one

• न (na) - not, no

• विषण्णः (viṣaṇṇaḥ) - dejected, despondent, depressed

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• ऋते (ṛte) - except for, without

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• सोमदत्तस्य (somadattasya) - of Somadatta

• पुत्रात् (putrāt) - from/of the son of Somadatta (Bhūriśravas) (from the son, of the son)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were unable

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Imperfect Active

Root śak, class 5 (Śnu-), imperfect, 3rd person plural, active voice. The 'a' prefix denotes past tense.

Root: śak (class 5)

वारयितुम् (vārayitum) - to stop, to prevent, to avert

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the causative of the root vṛ (to cover, to choose, to stop).

Root: vṛ (class 1)

वरिष्ठम् (variṣṭham) - referring to the most excellent warrior, likely Sātyaki or another powerful combatant (the best, the foremost, the most excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of variṣṭha

variṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, foremost

Superlative

Superlative form from root var (to choose) or vṛ (to choose, to cover).

Root: vṛ (class 1)

मध्यंदिने (madhyaṁdine) - at midday, at noon

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of madhyaṃdina

madhyaṁdina - midday, noon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhya+dina)

• madhya – middle, central
  adjective (neuter)
• dina – day
  noun (masculine)

सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun-god

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

आतपन्तम् (ātapantam) - scorching, burning, heating

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātapant

ātapant - scorching, burning, emitting heat

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the root tap (to heat, to burn) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: tap (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, anyone, a certain one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, anyone, a certain one

Indefinite pronoun formed from kim + cit.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विषण्णः (viṣaṇṇaḥ) - dejected, despondent, depressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, depressed, sad, disheartened

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root sad (to sink, to become weary) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

Root as (to be), class 2 (ad-), imperfect, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

ऋते (ṛte) - except for, without

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सोमदत्तस्य (somadattasya) - of Somadatta

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of somadatta

somadatta - Somadatta (proper name)

पुत्रात् (putrāt) - from/of the son of Somadatta (Bhūriśravas) (from the son, of the son)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child