महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-59, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिन्हते गजानीके पुत्रो दुर्योधनस्तव ।
भीमसेनं घ्नतेत्येवं सर्वसैन्यान्यचोदयत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasminhate gajānīke putro duryodhanastava ,
bhīmasenaṁ ghnatetyevaṁ sarvasainyānyacodayat.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tasmin hate gajānīke putraḥ duryodhanaḥ
tava bhīmasenam ghnata iti evam sarvasainyāni acodayat

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca tava putraḥ duryodhanaḥ tasmin gajānīke hate
(sati) 'bhīmasenam ghnata' iti evam sarvasainyāni acodayat

1. Sañjaya said: When that elephant army was slain, your son Duryodhana thus urged all his troops, crying, 'Slay Bhimasena!'

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (elephant army) (in that, on that)

• हते (hate) - slain, destroyed, killed

• गजानीके (gajānīke) - in the elephant army

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Duryodhana, son of Dhritarashtra (son)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

• तव (tava) - addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya (your)

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - the Pandava hero Bhima (Bhimasena (a proper name))

• घ्नत (ghnata) - kill! slay! (plural imperative)

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying (quotation marker)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• सर्वसैन्यानि (sarvasainyāni) - all his (Duryodhana's) troops (all armies, all troops)

• अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged, he incited

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - victory, victorious; name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahabharata

Derived from prefix 'sam' and root 'ji' (to conquer).

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect third person singular

Irregular perfect form from root 'vac' (class 2).

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (elephant army) (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

हते (hate) - slain, destroyed, killed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'gajānīke' in a locative absolute construction.

गजानीके (gajānīke) - in the elephant army

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gajānīka

gajānīka - an elephant army, a host of elephants

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'gaja' (elephant) and 'anīka' (army, host).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+anīka)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Duryodhana, son of Dhritarashtra (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - hard to fight with, difficult to conquer; proper name of the eldest Kaurava prince

Derived from the prefix 'dur-' (difficult) and root 'yudh' (to fight).

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

तव (tava) - addressed to Dhritarashtra by Sanjaya (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Genitive singular form of the second person pronoun.

Note: Possessive pronoun.

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - the Pandava hero Bhima (Bhimasena (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - having a terrible army; proper name, an epithet of Bhima

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'bhīma' (terrible) and 'senā' (army).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable
  adjective
  Derived from root 'bhī' (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

घ्नत (ghnata) - kill! slay! (plural imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of han

Imperative second person plural

Imperative form from root 'han' (class 2).

Root: han (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as a quotation marker.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

सर्वसैन्यानि (sarvasainyāni) - all his (Duryodhana's) troops (all armies, all troops)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - all troops, the entire army

Karmadhāraya compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'sainya' (army, troop).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• sainya – an army, a body of troops
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'senā' (army).

अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged, he incited

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Imperfect third person singular (causative)

Causative form of root 'cud' (class 10) with 'a-' augment for imperfect.

Root: cud (class 10)