महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-59, verse-23

तमायान्तं तथा दृष्ट्वा व्यात्ताननमिवान्तकम् ।
भीष्मं भीमो महाबाहुः प्रत्युदीयादमर्षणः ॥२३॥

23. tamāyāntaṁ tathā dṛṣṭvā vyāttānanamivāntakam ,
bhīṣmaṁ bhīmo mahābāhuḥ pratyudīyādamarṣaṇaḥ.

23. tam āyāntam tathā dṛṣṭvā vyāttānanam iva antakam
bhīṣmam bhīmaḥ mahābāhuḥ pratyudīyāt amarṣaṇaḥ

23. mahābāhuḥ amarṣaṇaḥ bhīmaḥ tam bhīṣmam tathā
vyāttānanam iva antakam āyāntam dṛṣṭvā pratyudīyāt

23. Upon seeing Bhishma approaching in that manner, like Death (Antaka) with its mouth wide open, the mighty-armed (mahābāhu) Bhima, full of wrath, advanced to meet him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - coming, approaching

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing

• व्यात्ताननम् (vyāttānanam) - wide-mouthed, having an open mouth

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अन्तकम् (antakam) - Yama, the god of death (Death, the Destroyer)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma, the commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army (Bhishma)

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima, the second of the Pandavas (Bhima)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed, great-armed

• प्रत्युदीयात् (pratyudīyāt) - advanced to meet, went to meet, opposed

• अमर्षणः (amarṣaṇaḥ) - impatient, wrathful, intolerant

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - coming, approaching

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - coming, approaching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'Bhīṣmam'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

व्यात्ताननम् (vyāttānanam) - wide-mouthed, having an open mouth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyāttānana

vyāttānana - having an opened mouth

Bahuvrihi compound: 'whose mouth (ānana) is opened (vyātta)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyātta+ānana)

• vyātta – opened, expanded
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dā (to give, divide, cut) with prefixes vi- and ā-, meaning 'opened wide'.
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: dā (class 3)
• ānana – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Antaka (Death).

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अन्तकम् (antakam) - Yama, the god of death (Death, the Destroyer)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of antaka

antaka - ender, destroyer, causing death, Death (personified as Yama)

From root ant (to end).

Root: ant (class 10)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma, the commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; name of a celebrated hero in the Mahābhārata

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima, the second of the Pandavas (Bhima)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable; name of a hero in the Mahābhārata

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed, great-armed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - long-armed, mighty-armed

Bahuvrihi compound: 'whose arms (bāhu) are great (mahā)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'Bhīmaḥ'.

प्रत्युदीयात् (pratyudīyāt) - advanced to meet, went to meet, opposed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative/potential (vidhi-liṅ) of i

Optative/Potential Mood (Vidhi-Liṅ)

Third person singular, active voice of root i with prefixes prati- and ud-.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: i (class 2)

Note: In narrative, the optative can express past action (he did meet).

अमर्षणः (amarṣaṇaḥ) - impatient, wrathful, intolerant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - intolerant, impatient, indignant, wrathful

Derived from root mṛṣ (to bear, endure) with negative prefix a- and suffix -ana.

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'Bhīmaḥ'.