महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-56, verse-8

स निर्ययौ केतुमता रथेन नरर्षभः श्वेतहयेन वीरः ।
वरूथिना सैन्यमुखे महात्मा वधे धृतः सर्वसपत्नयूनाम् ॥८॥

8. sa niryayau ketumatā rathena; nararṣabhaḥ śvetahayena vīraḥ ,
varūthinā sainyamukhe mahātmā; vadhe dhṛtaḥ sarvasapatnayūnām.

8. saḥ niryayau ketumatā rathena
nara-ṛṣabhaḥ śveta-hayena vīraḥ
varūthinā sainya-mukhe mahātmā
vadhe dhṛtaḥ sarva-sapatna-yūnām

8. saḥ vīraḥ nara-ṛṣabhaḥ mahātmā,
ketumatā śveta-hayena varūthinā rathena sainya-mukhe,
sarva-sapatna-yūnām vadhe dhṛtaḥ niryayau

8. That hero, the foremost of men, the great-souled (Arjuna), advanced at the head of his army in his chariot, adorned with a banner, drawn by white horses, and equipped with armor, determined for the destruction of all enemy warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he, that)

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - came forth, went out, advanced

• केतुमता (ketumatā) - with a banner, bearing a banner

• रथेन (rathena) - with a chariot

• नर-ऋषभः (nara-ṛṣabhaḥ) - Arjuna (foremost of men) (foremost of men, bull among men)

• श्वेत-हयेन (śveta-hayena) - with white horses

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - Arjuna (hero) (hero, brave man)

• वरूथिना (varūthinā) - with armor, protected by armor

• सैन्य-मुखे (sainya-mukhe) - at the forefront of the army

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - Arjuna (mahātmā) (great-souled one, noble one)

• वधे (vadhe) - in the killing, for the destruction

• धृतः (dhṛtaḥ) - determined, intent, held

• सर्व-सपत्न-यूनाम् (sarva-sapatna-yūnām) - of all enemy youths/warriors

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - came forth, went out, advanced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nir-yā

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

केतुमता (ketumatā) - with a banner, bearing a banner

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ketumat

ketumat - possessing a banner, decorated with a banner

possessive suffix -mat from ketu

Note: modifies rathena

रथेन (rathena) - with a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

नर-ऋषभः (nara-ṛṣabhaḥ) - Arjuna (foremost of men) (foremost of men, bull among men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara-ṛṣabha

nara-ṛṣabha - foremost of men, bull among men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

श्वेत-हयेन (śveta-hayena) - with white horses

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śveta-haya

śveta-haya - white horse, white-horsed

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śveta+haya)

• śveta – white
  adjective
• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: modifies rathena

वीरः (vīraḥ) - Arjuna (hero) (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, powerful man

वरूथिना (varūthinā) - with armor, protected by armor

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of varūthin

varūthin - protected by armor, armored

possessive suffix -in from varūtha (armor)

Note: modifies rathena

सैन्य-मुखे (sainya-mukhe) - at the forefront of the army

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya-mukha

sainya-mukha - forefront of the army

Compound type : tatpurusha (sainya+mukha)

• sainya – army, military host
  noun (neuter)
• mukha – mouth, front, face, chief
  noun (neuter)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - Arjuna (mahātmā) (great-souled one, noble one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, illustrious (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

वधे (vadhe) - in the killing, for the destruction

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, destruction

धृतः (dhṛtaḥ) - determined, intent, held

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛta

dhṛta - held, borne, firm, resolved, determined

Past Passive Participle

from root dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: modifies Arjuna (saḥ)

सर्व-सपत्न-यूनाम् (sarva-sapatna-yūnām) - of all enemy youths/warriors

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva-sapatna-yuvan

sarva-sapatna-yuvan - all enemy youths/warriors

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+sapatna+yuvan)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• sapatna – rival, enemy
  noun (masculine)
• yuvan – youth, young man, warrior
  noun (masculine)