महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-56, verse-18

गजैर्विषाणैर्वरहस्तरुग्णाः केचित्ससूता रथिनः प्रपेतुः ।
गजर्षभाश्चापि रथर्षभेण निपेतिरे बाणहताः पृथिव्याम् ॥१८॥

18. gajairviṣāṇairvarahastarugṇāḥ; kecitsasūtā rathinaḥ prapetuḥ ,
gajarṣabhāścāpi ratharṣabheṇa; nipetire bāṇahatāḥ pṛthivyām.

18. gajaiḥ viṣāṇaiḥ vara-hasta-rugṇāḥ
kecit sa-sūtāḥ rathinaḥ prapetuḥ
| gajarṣabhāḥ ca api ratharṣabheṇa
bāṇahatāḥ pṛthivyām nipetire

18. gajaiḥ viṣāṇaiḥ vara-hasta-rugṇāḥ
kecit sa-sūtāḥ rathinaḥ prapetuḥ
ca api ratharṣabheṇa bāṇahatāḥ
gajarṣabhāḥ pṛthivyām nipetire

18. Some charioteers (warriors) along with their drivers fell down, crushed by the tusks and mighty trunks of elephants. And the best of elephants, struck by the arrows of the best of charioteers, also fell upon the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• गजैः (gajaiḥ) - by elephants

• विषाणैः (viṣāṇaiḥ) - by tusks

• वर-हस्त-रुग्णाः (vara-hasta-rugṇāḥ) - broken by excellent trunks (of elephants)

• केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

• स-सूताः (sa-sūtāḥ) - with their charioteers/drivers

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers (warriors in chariots)

• प्रपेतुः (prapetuḥ) - they fell down, they dropped

• गजर्षभाः (gajarṣabhāḥ) - best of elephants, mighty elephants

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• रथर्षभेण (ratharṣabheṇa) - by the best of charioteers

• बाणहताः (bāṇahatāḥ) - struck by arrows

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth, on the ground

• निपेतिरे (nipetire) - they fell down

Words meanings and morphology

गजैः (gajaiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

विषाणैः (viṣāṇaiḥ) - by tusks

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of viṣāṇa

viṣāṇa - tusk, horn

वर-हस्त-रुग्णाः (vara-hasta-rugṇāḥ) - broken by excellent trunks (of elephants)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varahastarugṇa

varahastarugṇa - broken by excellent trunks

Past Passive Participle

From root ruj (to break) as a Past Passive Participle, compounded with vara-hasta.

Compound type : tatpurusha (vara+hasta+rugṇa)

• vara – excellent, best
  adjective
• hasta – hand, trunk (of an elephant)
  noun (masculine)
• rugṇa – broken, shattered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ruj (to break).
  Root: ruj (class 6)

केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścid

kaścid - someone, something, certain

Compound of interrogative pronoun 'ka' and indeclinable 'cid'.

स-सूताः (sa-sūtāḥ) - with their charioteers/drivers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sasūta

sasūta - accompanied by a charioteer/driver

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+sūta)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• sūta – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers (warriors in chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix '-in'.

प्रपेतुः (prapetuḥ) - they fell down, they dropped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of prapat

Past tense (Perfect)

Form of the root pat with prefix pra, in the perfect (lit) tense.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

गजर्षभाः (gajarṣabhāḥ) - best of elephants, mighty elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gajarṣabha

gajarṣabha - best elephant, bull elephant

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+ṛṣabha)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

रथर्षभेण (ratharṣabheṇa) - by the best of charioteers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratharṣabha

ratharṣabha - best of charioteers, excellent warrior on a chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+ṛṣabha)

• ratha – chariot, charioteer (metonymically)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

बाणहताः (bāṇahatāḥ) - struck by arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāṇahata

bāṇahata - struck or killed by arrows

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) as a Past Passive Participle, compounded with bāṇa.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bāṇa+hata)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• hata – struck, killed, smitten
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground

निपेतिरे (nipetire) - they fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past perfect (lit) of nipat

Past tense (Perfect)

Form of the root pat with prefix ni, in the perfect (lit) tense, middle voice.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)