महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-56, verse-10

प्रकर्षता गुप्तमुदायुधेन किरीटिना लोकमहारथेन ।
तं व्यूहराजं ददृशुस्त्वदीयाश्चतुश्चतुर्व्यालसहस्रकीर्णम् ॥१०॥

10. prakarṣatā guptamudāyudhena; kirīṭinā lokamahārathena ,
taṁ vyūharājaṁ dadṛśustvadīyā;ścatuścaturvyālasahasrakīrṇam.

10. prakarṣatā guptam udāyudhena kirīṭinā lokamahārathena tam
vyūharājam dadṛśuḥ tvadīyāḥ catuścatuḥvyālasahasrakīrṇam

10. tvadīyāḥ lokamahārathena kirīṭinā udāyudhena guptam prakarṣatā
tam catuścatuḥvyālasahasrakīrṇam vyūharājam dadṛśuḥ

10. Your men (the Kauravas) saw that principal battle formation, which was being skillfully moved forward with an uplifted weapon by Arjuna (Kirīṭin), the great chariot-warrior of the world, discreetly, and which appeared vast, covered with four times four thousand serpent-like elements.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रकर्षता (prakarṣatā) - by him who was skillfully leading (referring to Arjuna) (by one drawing forward, by one leading, by one excelling)

• गुप्तम् (guptam) - discreetly, subtly (modifies the action of leading) (secretly, hidden, protected)

• उदायुधेन (udāyudhena) - with an uplifted weapon (referring to Arjuna) (with uplifted weapon)

• किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (who wore a special diadem) (by the one wearing a diadem/crown)

• लोकमहारथेन (lokamahārathena) - by Arjuna, the world's supreme chariot-fighter (by the great chariot-warrior of the world)

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the battle formation) (that, him)

• व्यूहराजम् (vyūharājam) - the supreme battle formation (king of formations, principal formation)

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

• त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - your men, your side (the Kauravas) (your own, your men, those belonging to you)

• चतुश्चतुःव्यालसहस्रकीर्णम् (catuścatuḥvyālasahasrakīrṇam) - appearing vast and serpentine, covered with numerous serpent-like elements (of the formation) (spread with four times four thousand serpents/beasts)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रकर्षता (prakarṣatā) - by him who was skillfully leading (referring to Arjuna) (by one drawing forward, by one leading, by one excelling)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prakarṣat

prakarṣat - drawing forward, leading, excelling, distinguished

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṛṣ (to draw, pull) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kirīṭinā'

गुप्तम् (guptam) - discreetly, subtly (modifies the action of leading) (secretly, hidden, protected)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gup (to protect, conceal)

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Adverbially modifies 'prakarṣatā'

उदायुधेन (udāyudhena) - with an uplifted weapon (referring to Arjuna) (with uplifted weapon)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of udāyudha

udāyudha - having uplifted weapon, with weapon raised

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ud+āyudha)

• ud – up, upwards, forth
  indeclinable
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'kirīṭinā'

किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (who wore a special diadem) (by the one wearing a diadem/crown)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - wearing a diadem, crowned, epithet of Arjuna

Possessive suffix -in added to kirīṭa (diadem)

Note: Agent of the action 'prakarṣatā'

लोकमहारथेन (lokamahārathena) - by Arjuna, the world's supreme chariot-fighter (by the great chariot-warrior of the world)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of lokamahāratha

lokamahāratha - a great warrior (mahāratha) in the world (loka)

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+mahāratha)

• loka – world, people
  noun (masculine)
• mahāratha – great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to 'kirīṭinā'

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the battle formation) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'dadṛśuḥ'

व्यूहराजम् (vyūharājam) - the supreme battle formation (king of formations, principal formation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyūharāja

vyūharāja - king of formations, best formation

Compound type : tatpurusha (vyūha+rāja)

• vyūha – arrangement, formation (especially of troops)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ūh (class 1)
• rāja – king, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'dadṛśuḥ'

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect (Liṭ)

3rd person plural Perfect active of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'tvadīyāḥ'

त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - your men, your side (the Kauravas) (your own, your men, those belonging to you)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvadīya

tvadīya - yours, belonging to you

Suffix -īya added to tvad (you)

Note: Subject of 'dadṛśuḥ'

चतुश्चतुःव्यालसहस्रकीर्णम् (catuścatuḥvyālasahasrakīrṇam) - appearing vast and serpentine, covered with numerous serpent-like elements (of the formation) (spread with four times four thousand serpents/beasts)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of catuścatuḥvyālasahasrakīrṇa

catuścatuḥvyālasahasrakīrṇa - strewn/covered with four times four thousand serpents/wild animals

Compound type : bahuvrihi (catuścatuḥ+vyāla+sahasra+kīrṇa)

• catuścatuḥ – four times four, four each
  indeclinable
• vyāla – serpent, snake, fierce animal
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
• kīrṇa – strewn, scattered, filled, covered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to scatter)
  Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'vyūharājam'