महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-56, verse-21

तं पञ्चतालोच्छ्रिततालकेतुः सदश्ववेगोद्धतवीर्ययातः ।
महास्त्रबाणाशनिदीप्तमार्गं किरीटिनं शांतनवोऽभ्यधावत् ॥२१॥

21. taṁ pañcatālocchritatālaketuḥ; sadaśvavegoddhatavīryayātaḥ ,
mahāstrabāṇāśanidīptamārgaṁ; kirīṭinaṁ śāṁtanavo'bhyadhāvat.

21. tam pañcatālocchritatālaketuḥ sadaśvavegoddhatavīryayātaḥ
mahāstrabāṇāśanidīptamārgaṃ kirīṭinam śāṃtanavaḥ abhyadhāvat

21. śāṃtanavaḥ pañcatālocchritatālaketuḥ sadaśvavegoddhatavīryayātaḥ
kirīṭinam mahāstrabāṇāśanidīptamārgaṃ tam abhyadhāvat

21. The son of Śāṃtanu (Bhīṣma), whose palmyra banner was raised five palm-trees high and whose valorous movement was impelled by the speed of excellent horses, rushed towards the crowned one (Arjuna), whose path was made bright by great weapons, arrows, and thunderbolts.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

• पञ्चतालोच्छ्रिततालकेतुः (pañcatālocchritatālaketuḥ) - (Bhīṣma) whose palmyra banner was raised five palm-trees high (whose palmyra banner was raised five palm-trees high)

• सदश्ववेगोद्धतवीर्ययातः (sadaśvavegoddhatavīryayātaḥ) - (Bhīṣma) whose valorous movement was impelled by the speed of excellent horses (whose valorous movement was impelled by the speed of excellent horses)

• महास्त्रबाणाशनिदीप्तमार्गं (mahāstrabāṇāśanidīptamārgaṁ) - (Arjuna) whose path was illuminated by great weapons, arrows, and thunderbolts (whose path was illuminated by great weapons, arrows, and thunderbolts)

• किरीटिनम् (kirīṭinam) - the crowned one (Arjuna) (the crowned one)

• शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the son of Śāṃtanu (son of Śāṃtanu)

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed towards (him) (rushed, ran towards)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Arjuna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine accusative singular form of 'tad', referring to Arjuna.

पञ्चतालोच्छ्रिततालकेतुः (pañcatālocchritatālaketuḥ) - (Bhīṣma) whose palmyra banner was raised five palm-trees high (whose palmyra banner was raised five palm-trees high)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcatālocchritatālaketu

pañcatālocchritatālaketu - having a palmyra tree banner raised to the height of five palm trees

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pañca+tāla+ucchrita+tālaketu)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• tāla – palm tree
  noun (masculine)
• ucchrita – raised, lifted up
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'śri' with upasarga 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: śri (class 1)
• tālaketu – one whose banner bears the palm tree emblem
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpurusha compound: tāla + ketu

Note: An epithet for Bhīṣma.

सदश्ववेगोद्धतवीर्ययातः (sadaśvavegoddhatavīryayātaḥ) - (Bhīṣma) whose valorous movement was impelled by the speed of excellent horses (whose valorous movement was impelled by the speed of excellent horses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadaśvavegoddhatavīryayāta

sadaśvavegoddhatavīryayāta - whose valiant going is elevated by the speed of good horses

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sat+aśva+vega+uddhata+vīrya+yāta)

• sat – good, excellent
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root 'as'
  Root: as (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, velocity
  noun (masculine)
• uddhata – raised, elevated, impelled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'han' with upasarga 'ud'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: han (class 2)
• vīrya – valor, heroism, power
  noun (neuter)
• yāta – gone, moved, movement
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yā'
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Another epithet for Bhīṣma.

महास्त्रबाणाशनिदीप्तमार्गं (mahāstrabāṇāśanidīptamārgaṁ) - (Arjuna) whose path was illuminated by great weapons, arrows, and thunderbolts (whose path was illuminated by great weapons, arrows, and thunderbolts)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāstrabāṇāśanidīptamārga

mahāstrabāṇāśanidīptamārga - whose path is illuminated by great weapons, arrows, and thunderbolts

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahāstra+bāṇa+aśani+dīpta+mārga)

• mahāstra – great weapon
  noun (neuter)
  Karmadharaya compound: mahat + astra
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• aśani – thunderbolt, lightning
  noun (feminine)
• dīpta – illuminated, shining
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'dīp'
  Root: dīp (class 4)
• mārga – path, way
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for Arjuna, agreeing with 'tam' and 'kirīṭinam'.

किरीटिनम् (kirīṭinam) - the crowned one (Arjuna) (the crowned one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - crowned, wearing a diadem

Derived from 'kirīṭa' (crown) with suffix '-in'

Note: A well-known epithet for Arjuna.

शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the son of Śāṃtanu (son of Śāṃtanu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāṃtanava

śāṁtanava - descendant of Śāṃtanu

Patronymic from Śāṃtanu

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed towards (him) (rushed, ran towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Augmented imperfect form, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: The 'a' prefix in 'abhyadhāvat' is due to sandhi with 'abhi' and the 'a' of 'adhāvat'.