महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-56, verse-19

गजौघवेगोद्धतसादितानां श्रुत्वा निषेदुर्वसुधां मनुष्याः ।
आर्तस्वरं सादिपदातियूनां विषाणगात्रावरताडितानाम् ॥१९॥

19. gajaughavegoddhatasāditānāṁ; śrutvā niṣedurvasudhāṁ manuṣyāḥ ,
ārtasvaraṁ sādipadātiyūnāṁ; viṣāṇagātrāvaratāḍitānām.

19. gajaughavegoddhatasāditānām śrutvā niṣeduḥ vasudhām manuṣyāḥ
| ārtasvaram sādipadātiyūnām viṣāṇagātrāvaratāḍitānām

19. manuṣyāḥ gajaughavegoddhatasāditānām viṣāṇagātrāvaratāḍitānām
sādipadātiyūnām ārtasvaram śrutvā vasudhām niṣeduḥ

19. Hearing the distressed cries of the young horsemen and foot soldiers who were thrown down by the speed and might of the elephant herds, and who were struck by tusks and powerful limbs, people fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• गजौघवेगोद्धतसादितानाम् (gajaughavegoddhatasāditānām) - of those dismounted/thrown down by the force of multitudes of elephants

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down, they fell down

• वसुधाम् (vasudhām) - to the earth, upon the ground

• मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - people, men

• आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - distressed cry, wail

• सादिपदातियूनाम् (sādipadātiyūnām) - of the young horsemen and foot soldiers

• विषाणगात्रावरताडितानाम् (viṣāṇagātrāvaratāḍitānām) - of those struck by tusks and powerful limbs

Words meanings and morphology

गजौघवेगोद्धतसादितानाम् (gajaughavegoddhatasāditānām) - of those dismounted/thrown down by the force of multitudes of elephants

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gajaughavegoddhatasādita

gajaughavegoddhatasādita - dismounted by the force of elephant multitudes

Past Passive Participle

Compound of gaja (elephant), ogha (multitude), vega (speed/force), uddhata (thrown up/dislodged - PPP of ud-han), and sādita (dismounted/thrown down - causative PPP of sad).

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+ogha+vega+uddhata+sādita)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – multitude, flood, mass
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, force, impetuosity
  noun (masculine)
• uddhata – thrown up, dislodged, agitated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike/move) with prefix ud, or root dhā (to place) with prefix ud.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: han (class 2)
• sādita – dismounted, thrown down
  adjective
  Causative Past Passive Participle
  From causative of root sad (to sit).
  Root: sad (class 1)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Form of the root śru (to hear) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down, they fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of niṣad

Past tense (Perfect)

Form of the root sad with prefix ni, in the perfect (lit) tense.

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

वसुधाम् (vasudhām) - to the earth, upon the ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasudhā

vasudhā - earth, ground

Note: Accusative case indicating the destination or goal of falling/sitting.

मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human being, man

आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - distressed cry, wail

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārtasvara

ārtasvara - distressed sound, wail

Compound type : tatpurusha (ārta+svara)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, hurt
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, to move; also implies suffering).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• svara – sound, voice, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svṛ (class 1)

सादिपदातियूनाम् (sādipadātiyūnām) - of the young horsemen and foot soldiers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sādipadātiyūna

sādipadātiyūna - young horsemen and foot soldiers

Compound type : dvandva (sādin+padāti+yūna)

• sādin – horseman, rider
  noun (masculine)
• padāti – foot soldier, infantryman
  noun (masculine)
• yūna – young, youthful
  adjective

विषाणगात्रावरताडितानाम् (viṣāṇagātrāvaratāḍitānām) - of those struck by tusks and powerful limbs

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of viṣāṇagātrāvaratāḍita

viṣāṇagātrāvaratāḍita - struck by tusks and mighty bodies/limbs

Past Passive Participle

Compound of viṣāṇa (tusk), gātra (body/limb), avarata (powerful/mighty), and tāḍita (struck - PPP of tāḍ).

Compound type : tatpurusha (viṣāṇa+gātra+avarata+tāḍita)

• viṣāṇa – tusk, horn
  noun (neuter)
• gātra – body, limb
  noun (neuter)
• avarata – powerful, mighty, intense (lit. 'not stopped')
  adjective
• tāḍita – struck, beaten, smitten
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tāḍ (to strike, beat).
  Root: tāḍ (class 10)