महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-40, verse-5

सुखार्थिनः कुतो विद्या नास्ति विद्यार्थिनः सुखम् ।
सुखार्थी वा त्यजेद्विद्यां विद्यार्थी वा सुखं त्यजेत् ॥५॥

5. sukhārthinaḥ kuto vidyā nāsti vidyārthinaḥ sukham ,
sukhārthī vā tyajedvidyāṁ vidyārthī vā sukhaṁ tyajet.

5. sukhārthinaḥ kutaḥ vidyā na asti vidyārthinaḥ sukham
sukhārthī vā tyajet vidyām vidyārthī vā sukham tyajet

5. How can a pleasure-seeker obtain knowledge? There is no pleasure for a knowledge-seeker. A pleasure-seeker should either give up knowledge, or a knowledge-seeker should give up pleasure.

Words meanings summery:

• सुखार्थिनः (sukhārthinaḥ) - for a pleasure-seeker (of one desiring pleasure; for one desiring pleasure)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how, from what source (from where, whence, why)

• विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge, learning

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• विद्यार्थिनः (vidyārthinaḥ) - for a knowledge-seeker (of one desiring knowledge; for one desiring knowledge)

• सुखम् (sukham) - pleasure, happiness, comfort

• सुखार्थी (sukhārthī) - one desiring pleasure, a pleasure-seeker

• वा (vā) - or, either

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, should give up

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

• विद्यार्थी (vidyārthī) - one desiring knowledge, a knowledge-seeker

• वा (vā) - or, either

• सुखम् (sukham) - pleasure, happiness

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, should give up

Words meanings and morphology

सुखार्थिनः (sukhārthinaḥ) - for a pleasure-seeker (of one desiring pleasure; for one desiring pleasure)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sukhārthin

sukhārthin - desiring pleasure, seeking happiness

Compound of sukha (pleasure) and arthin (seeker).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sukha+arthin)

• sukha – pleasure, happiness, ease
  noun (neuter)
• arthin – seeker, desirer, supplicant
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root arth (to seek, ask)
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'for whom?' or 'to whom belongs?'.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how, from what source (from where, whence, why)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of kim (what).

विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge, learning

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom

From root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active 3rd singular

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

विद्यार्थिनः (vidyārthinaḥ) - for a knowledge-seeker (of one desiring knowledge; for one desiring knowledge)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vidyārthin

vidyārthin - desiring knowledge, seeker of knowledge, student

Compound of vidyā (knowledge) and arthin (seeker).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vidyā+arthin)

• vidyā – knowledge, learning
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• arthin – seeker, desirer, supplicant
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root arth (to seek, ask)
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'for whom?' or 'to whom belongs?'.

सुखम् (sukham) - pleasure, happiness, comfort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - pleasure, happiness, ease, comfort

Note: Subject of the second clause.

सुखार्थी (sukhārthī) - one desiring pleasure, a pleasure-seeker

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhārthin

sukhārthin - desiring pleasure, seeking happiness

Compound of sukha (pleasure) and arthin (seeker).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sukha+arthin)

• sukha – pleasure, happiness, ease
  noun (neuter)
• arthin – seeker, desirer, supplicant
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root arth (to seek, ask)
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Subject of the first conditional clause.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Used twice to show an 'either... or...' construction.

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, should give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of tyaj

Optative active 3rd singular

From root tyaj (to abandon).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom

From root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of `tyajet`.

विद्यार्थी (vidyārthī) - one desiring knowledge, a knowledge-seeker

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidyārthin

vidyārthin - desiring knowledge, seeker of knowledge, student

Compound of vidyā (knowledge) and arthin (seeker).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vidyā+arthin)

• vidyā – knowledge, learning
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• arthin – seeker, desirer, supplicant
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root arth (to seek, ask)
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Subject of the second conditional clause.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सुखम् (sukham) - pleasure, happiness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - pleasure, happiness, ease, comfort

Note: Object of `tyajet`.

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, should give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of tyaj

Optative active 3rd singular

From root tyaj (to abandon).

Root: tyaj (class 1)