महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-40, verse-1

विदुर उवाच ।
योऽभ्यर्थितः सद्भिरसज्जमानः करोत्यर्थं शक्तिमहापयित्वा ।
क्षिप्रं यशस्तं समुपैति सन्तमलं प्रसन्ना हि सुखाय सन्तः ॥१॥

1. vidura uvāca ,
yo'bhyarthitaḥ sadbhirasajjamānaḥ; karotyarthaṁ śaktimahāpayitvā ,
kṣipraṁ yaśastaṁ samupaiti santa;malaṁ prasannā hi sukhāya santaḥ.

1. viduraḥ uvāca yaḥ abhyarthitaḥ sadbhiḥ
asajjamānaḥ karoti artham śaktim
ahāpayitvā kṣipram yaśaḥ tam samupaiti
santam alam prasannāḥ hi sukhāya santaḥ

1. Vidura said: "The one who, when implored by virtuous people (sat), accomplishes a task without hesitation and without squandering his ability (śakti), quickly attains renown. Indeed, contented virtuous people (sat) are themselves a source of happiness."

Words meanings summery:

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (Vidura (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• यः (yaḥ) - the one who (whoever, he who)

• अभ्यर्थितः (abhyarthitaḥ) - requested, implored (requested, implored, solicited)

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by virtuous people (sat) (by good people, by virtuous ones)

• असज्जमानः (asajjamānaḥ) - without hesitation (not clinging, not delaying, not hesitating)

• करोति (karoti) - performs, accomplishes (does, makes, performs)

• अर्थम् (artham) - task, request (purpose, object, meaning, wealth, request, task)

• शक्तिम् (śaktim) - ability (śakti) (power, ability, strength, energy (śakti))

• अहापयित्वा (ahāpayitvā) - without squandering (without losing, without diminishing)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - renown (fame, glory, renown)

• तम् (tam) - that person (him, that (masculine))

• समुपैति (samupaiti) - attains (approaches, attains, reaches)

• सन्तम् (santam) - that existing person (yaḥ) (existing, being, good (accusative singular masculine))

• अलम् (alam) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, certainly, sufficient, capable)

• प्रसन्नाः (prasannāḥ) - contented (pleased, gracious, clear, serene)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

• सुखाय (sukhāya) - for happiness (for happiness, for joy)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - virtuous people (sat) (good people, virtuous ones, existing ones (nominative plural masculine))

Words meanings and morphology

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (Vidura (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (a wise minister and half-brother to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Root: vid

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

From root vac (class 2) in perfect tense (liṭ).

Root: vac (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - the one who (whoever, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, who

Note: Relative pronoun, introducing the subject of 'karoti' and 'samupaiti'.

अभ्यर्थितः (abhyarthitaḥ) - requested, implored (requested, implored, solicited)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyarthita

arth - to ask, request, beg, strive for

Past Passive Participle

From root arth (class 10) with upasargas abhi- and ā-. Formed with -ta suffix.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: arth (class 10)

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by virtuous people (sat) (by good people, by virtuous ones)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, real, a good person, a sage

Present Active Participle (from as)

From root as (to be) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agent of 'abhyarthitaḥ'.

असज्जमानः (asajjamānaḥ) - without hesitation (not clinging, not delaying, not hesitating)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asajjamāna

saj - to cling, adhere, delay, hesitate

Present Middle Participle (with negation)

From root saj (class 1) with upasarga a- (negation) and suffix -māna.

Prefix: a

Root: saj (class 1)

करोति (karoti) - performs, accomplishes (does, makes, performs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present indicative

From root kṛ (class 8).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अर्थम् (artham) - task, request (purpose, object, meaning, wealth, request, task)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, wealth, thing, affair, request

Note: Object of 'karoti'.

शक्तिम् (śaktim) - ability (śakti) (power, ability, strength, energy (śakti))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, ability, energy, faculty, goddess Śakti

From root śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Object of 'ahāpayitvā' (which acts as a secondary verb).

अहापयित्वा (ahāpayitvā) - without squandering (without losing, without diminishing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) of causative stem (with negation)

From root hā (class 3) in causative (hāpay-), with suffix -itvā and negative prefix 'a'.

Prefix: a

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Negative absolutive, meaning 'without causing to abandon' or 'without losing'.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'kṣipra'.

यशः (yaśaḥ) - renown (fame, glory, renown)

(noun)

neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, honor, renown

Note: Object of 'samupaiti'.

तम् (tam) - that person (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'yaḥ'.

समुपैति (samupaiti) - attains (approaches, attains, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of samupā-i

Present indicative

From root i (class 2) with upasargas sam- and upa-.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'yaśaḥ', the object is 'tam'.

सन्तम् (santam) - that existing person (yaḥ) (existing, being, good (accusative singular masculine))

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, real, a good person, a sage

Present Active Participle (from as)

From root as (to be) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: An attribute of 'tam'.

अलम् (alam) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, certainly, sufficient, capable)

(indeclinable)

प्रसन्नाः (prasannāḥ) - contented (pleased, gracious, clear, serene)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prasanna

prasanna - pleased, gracious, clear, serene, tranquil

Past Passive Participle

From root sad (class 1) with upasarga pra-. It is formed from 'pra-sad'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

सुखाय (sukhāya) - for happiness (for happiness, for joy)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, joy

Note: Indicates purpose (for happiness).

सन्तः (santaḥ) - virtuous people (sat) (good people, virtuous ones, existing ones (nominative plural masculine))

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, real, a good person, a sage

Present Active Participle (from as)

From root as (to be) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: as (class 2)