महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-40, verse-21

प्रज्ञावृद्धं धर्मवृद्धं स्वबन्धुं विद्यावृद्धं वयसा चापि वृद्धम् ।
कार्याकार्ये पूजयित्वा प्रसाद्य यः संपृच्छेन्न स मुह्येत्कदाचित् ॥२१॥

21. prajñāvṛddhaṁ dharmavṛddhaṁ svabandhuṁ; vidyāvṛddhaṁ vayasā cāpi vṛddham ,
kāryākārye pūjayitvā prasādya; yaḥ saṁpṛcchenna sa muhyetkadācit.

21. prajñāvṛddham dharmavṛddham svabandhum
vidyāvṛddham vayasā ca api vṛddham
| kāryākārye pūjayitvā prasādya
yaḥ sampṛcchet na sa muhyet kadācit

21. One who respectfully consults a kinsman (svabandhu) who is advanced in wisdom, advanced in righteousness (dharma), advanced in learning, and also advanced in age, after honoring and propitiating them concerning what is right and wrong, will never be bewildered.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रज्ञावृद्धम् (prajñāvṛddham) - Referring to a person who has increased in wisdom. (grown in wisdom, advanced in intellect)

• धर्मवृद्धम् (dharmavṛddham) - Referring to a person who is spiritually or morally mature. (grown in righteousness (dharma), advanced in virtue)

• स्वबन्धुम् (svabandhum) - The person whose advice is sought. (kinsman, one's own relative)

• विद्यावृद्धम् (vidyāvṛddham) - Referring to a person who is highly educated. (grown in learning, advanced in knowledge)

• वयसा (vayasā) - The means by which one is 'grown' or 'advanced.' (by age, in age)

• च (ca) - Connecting the list of qualities. (and, also)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes 'even by age.' (also, even, too)

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - Specifically referring to being old in years. (old, aged, grown)

• कार्याकार्ये (kāryākārye) - The subject of consultation. (regarding what is to be done and what is not to be done, right and wrong)

• पूजयित्वा (pūjayitvā) - Showing respect before asking for advice. (having honored, having worshipped)

• प्रसाद्य (prasādya) - To win favor or gain good will. (having propitiated, having appeased, having made favorable)

• यः (yaḥ) - Introduces the relative clause defining the subject of the main verb. (who, he who)

• सम्पृच्छेत् (sampṛcchet) - The main action performed by 'he who.' (should consult, should ask)

• न (na) - Negates the verb `muhyet`. (not)

• स (sa) - The correlative pronoun for `yaḥ`. (he)

• मुह्येत् (muhyet) - The consequence of not consulting wisely. (should be bewildered, should be deluded, would be confused)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - Combined with `na`, it means 'never.' (ever, at any time)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रज्ञावृद्धम् (prajñāvṛddham) - Referring to a person who has increased in wisdom. (grown in wisdom, advanced in intellect)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prajñāvṛddha

prajñāvṛddha - grown in wisdom, advanced in intellect

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajñā+vṛddha)

• prajñā – wisdom, insight, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vṛddha – grown, old, increased, enhanced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛdh (to grow).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

धर्मवृद्धम् (dharmavṛddham) - Referring to a person who is spiritually or morally mature. (grown in righteousness (dharma), advanced in virtue)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmavṛddha

dharmavṛddha - grown in righteousness, advanced in moral conduct

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vṛddha)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vṛddha – grown, old, increased, enhanced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛdh (to grow).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

स्वबन्धुम् (svabandhum) - The person whose advice is sought. (kinsman, one's own relative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svabandhu

svabandhu - kinsman, one's own relative

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bandhu)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bandh (class 1)

Note: Object of `sampṛcchet`.

विद्यावृद्धम् (vidyāvṛddham) - Referring to a person who is highly educated. (grown in learning, advanced in knowledge)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidyāvṛddha

vidyāvṛddha - grown in learning, advanced in knowledge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vidyā+vṛddha)

• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vṛddha – grown, old, increased, enhanced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛdh (to grow).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

वयसा (vayasā) - The means by which one is 'grown' or 'advanced.' (by age, in age)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, youth, vigor, power

च (ca) - Connecting the list of qualities. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - Emphasizes 'even by age.' (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - Specifically referring to being old in years. (old, aged, grown)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - grown, old, increased, enhanced

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main adjective for age.

कार्याकार्ये (kāryākārye) - The subject of consultation. (regarding what is to be done and what is not to be done, right and wrong)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kāryākārya

kāryākārya - what is to be done and what is not to be done, right and wrong, proper and improper

Dvandva compound of `kārya` and `akārya`.

Compound type : dvandva (kārya+akārya)

• kārya – what is to be done, duty, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive (future passive participle)
  From √kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• akārya – what is not to be done, improper action
  noun (neuter)
  Negative prefix 'a-' + kārya.
  Prefix: a

Note: Often used in the dual, here singular (neuter) referring to the pair/topic.

पूजयित्वा (pūjayitvā) - Showing respect before asking for advice. (having honored, having worshipped)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -itvā.

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Serves as a conjunctive participle.

प्रसाद्य (prasādya) - To win favor or gain good will. (having propitiated, having appeased, having made favorable)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix `pra` and suffix -ya. Causative stem `prasādayati`.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Serves as a conjunctive participle.

यः (yaḥ) - Introduces the relative clause defining the subject of the main verb. (who, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Masculine nominative singular.

सम्पृच्छेत् (sampṛcchet) - The main action performed by 'he who.' (should consult, should ask)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of prach

Optative, 3rd person singular

Formed with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: prach (class 6)

न (na) - Negates the verb `muhyet`. (not)

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - The correlative pronoun for `yaḥ`. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Masculine nominative singular.

Note: Refers back to `yaḥ`.

मुह्येत् (muhyet) - The consequence of not consulting wisely. (should be bewildered, should be deluded, would be confused)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of muh

Optative, 3rd person singular

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Expresses potentiality or certainty in this context.

कदाचित् (kadācit) - Combined with `na`, it means 'never.' (ever, at any time)

(indeclinable)

When combined with `na` (na kadācit), it means 'never.'