महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-40, verse-2

महान्तमप्यर्थमधर्मयुक्तं यः संत्यजत्यनुपाक्रुष्ट एव ।
सुखं स दुःखान्यवमुच्य शेते जीर्णां त्वचं सर्प इवावमुच्य ॥२॥

2. mahāntamapyarthamadharmayuktaṁ; yaḥ saṁtyajatyanupākruṣṭa eva ,
sukhaṁ sa duḥkhānyavamucya śete; jīrṇāṁ tvacaṁ sarpa ivāvamucya.

2. mahāntam api artham adharmayuktam
yaḥ saṃtyajati anupākruṣṭaḥ eva
sukham saḥ duḥkhāni avamucya śete
jīrṇām tvacam sarpaḥ iva avamucya

2. Whoever abandons even a great gain that is associated with unrighteousness (adharma), without being reproached for it, that person rests peacefully, having cast off sorrows, just as a snake sheds its old skin.

Words meanings summery:

• महान्तम् (mahāntam) - great (great, large, mighty (accusative masculine singular))

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• अर्थम् (artham) - gain, possession (purpose, object, meaning, wealth, matter, gain)

• अधर्मयुक्तम् (adharmayuktam) - associated with unrighteousness (adharma) (connected with unrighteousness, associated with evil (adharma))

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (whoever, he who)

• संत्यजति (saṁtyajati) - abandons (abandons, gives up, renounces)

• अनुपाक्रुष्टः (anupākruṣṭaḥ) - without being reproached (not reproached, unblamed, without being cursed)

• एव (eva) - just, indeed (indeed, just, only)

• सुखम् (sukham) - peacefully, happily (happiness, joy, ease, happily)

• सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that)

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sorrows (sorrows, miseries, pains)

• अवमुच्य (avamucya) - having cast off (having cast off, having shed, having liberated)

• शेते (śete) - rests peacefully (lies down, rests, sleeps)

• जीर्णाम् (jīrṇām) - old, worn out (old, worn out, decayed (accusative feminine singular))

• त्वचम् (tvacam) - skin (skin, hide, bark (accusative feminine singular))

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a snake (snake, serpent)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• अवमुच्य (avamucya) - having shed (having cast off, having shed, having liberated)

Words meanings and morphology

महान्तम् (mahāntam) - great (great, large, mighty (accusative masculine singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Present Active Participle (from mah)

From noun stem 'mahat' (present participle of root 'mah' - to be great).

Root: mah

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

अर्थम् (artham) - gain, possession (purpose, object, meaning, wealth, matter, gain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, wealth, thing, affair, request, gain

Note: Object of 'saṃtyajati'.

अधर्मयुक्तम् (adharmayuktam) - associated with unrighteousness (adharma) (connected with unrighteousness, associated with evil (adharma))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharmayukta

adharmayukta - connected with adharma, unrighteous

A compound where 'yukta' (joined, connected) modifies 'adharma'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (adharma+yukta)

• adharma – unrighteousness, injustice, vice, natural law (dharma) violated
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of dharma.
  Prefix: a
• yukta – joined, united, connected, endowed with
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (whoever, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, who

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'saṃtyajati'.

संत्यजति (saṁtyajati) - abandons (abandons, gives up, renounces)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of saṃtyaj

Present indicative

From root tyaj (class 1) with upasarga sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

अनुपाक्रुष्टः (anupākruṣṭaḥ) - without being reproached (not reproached, unblamed, without being cursed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupākruṣṭa

upākruṣṭa - reproached, blamed, cursed

Past Passive Participle (with negation)

From root kruś (to cry out, blame) with upasargas upa- and ā-, and negative prefix an-.

Prefixes: an+upa+ā

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

एव (eva) - just, indeed (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

सुखम् (sukham) - peacefully, happily (happiness, joy, ease, happily)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative.

सः (saḥ) - that person (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ', subject of 'śete'.

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sorrows (sorrows, miseries, pains)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering, unhappiness

Note: Object of 'avamucya'.

अवमुच्य (avamucya) - having cast off (having cast off, having shed, having liberated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root muc (class 6) with upasarga ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: muc (class 6)

शेते (śete) - rests peacefully (lies down, rests, sleeps)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present indicative (middle voice)

From root śī (class 2) in atmanepada.

Root: śī (class 2)

जीर्णाम् (jīrṇām) - old, worn out (old, worn out, decayed (accusative feminine singular))

(participle)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jīrṇa

jīrṇa - old, worn out, digested, decayed

Past Passive Participle

From root jṝ (to wear out, decay).

Root: jṝ (class 9)

त्वचम् (tvacam) - skin (skin, hide, bark (accusative feminine singular))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tvac

tvac - skin, hide, bark, rind

Root: tvac

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - a snake (snake, serpent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent, reptile

From root sṛp (to creep).

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Acts as the agent for the simile.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अवमुच्य (avamucya) - having shed (having cast off, having shed, having liberated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root muc (class 6) with upasarga ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: muc (class 6)