महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-40, verse-23

नित्योदकी नित्ययज्ञोपवीती नित्यस्वाध्यायी पतितान्नवर्जी ।
ऋतं ब्रुवन्गुरवे कर्म कुर्वन्न ब्राह्मणश्च्यवते ब्रह्मलोकात् ॥२३॥

23. nityodakī nityayajñopavītī; nityasvādhyāyī patitānnavarjī ,
ṛtaṁ bruvangurave karma kurva;nna brāhmaṇaścyavate brahmalokāt.

23. nityodakī nityayajñopavītī
nityasvādhyāyī patitānnavarjī ṛtam
bruvan gurave karma kurvan na
brāhmaṇaḥ cyavate brahmalokāt

23. A brāhmaṇa who is always purified by water, constantly wears the sacred thread, regularly studies the sacred texts (svādhyāya), avoids food from fallen individuals, speaks the truth (ṛta), and performs service (karma) for his preceptor (guru) does not fall from the realm of Brahmā (brahmaloka).

Words meanings summery:

• नित्योदकी (nityodakī) - one who is always purified by water (one who always has water, one who performs daily ablutions)

• नित्ययज्ञोपवीती (nityayajñopavītī) - constantly wears the sacred thread (one who always wears the sacred thread)

• नित्यस्वाध्यायी (nityasvādhyāyī) - regularly studies the sacred texts (svādhyāya) (one who always studies sacred texts)

• पतितान्नवर्जी (patitānnavarjī) - avoids food from fallen individuals (one who avoids food from fallen people)

• ऋतम् (ṛtam) - the truth (ṛta) (truth, cosmic order, right)

• ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking (the truth) (speaking, saying)

• गुरवे (gurave) - for his preceptor (guru) (to the teacher, for the preceptor)

• कर्म (karma) - service (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual)

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - performing (service) (doing, performing)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (a brāhmaṇa, a member of the priestly class)

• च्यवते (cyavate) - falls (falls, deviates)

• ब्रह्मलोकात् (brahmalokāt) - from the realm of Brahmā (brahmaloka) (from the world of Brahmā)

Words meanings and morphology

नित्योदकी (nityodakī) - one who is always purified by water (one who always has water, one who performs daily ablutions)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nityodakin

nityodakin - one who always keeps water, one who always performs ablutions

Compound of nitya (always) and udakin (having water)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nitya+udakin)

• nitya – always, eternal, constant
  adjective
• udakin – possessing water, performing ablutions
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from udaka (water) with the possessive suffix -in

Note: Predicative adjective for 'brāhmaṇaḥ'.

नित्ययज्ञोपवीती (nityayajñopavītī) - constantly wears the sacred thread (one who always wears the sacred thread)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nityayajñopavītin

nityayajñopavītin - one who always wears the sacred thread (yajñopavīta)

Bahuvrīhi compound: nityaṃ yajñopavītaṃ yasyāsti saḥ (one for whom the sacred thread is always present)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nitya+yajñopavīta)

• nitya – always, eternal, constant
  adjective
• yajñopavīta – sacred thread
  noun (neuter)
  Tatpuruṣa compound: yajñasya upavītam (thread for sacrifice)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'brāhmaṇaḥ'.

नित्यस्वाध्यायी (nityasvādhyāyī) - regularly studies the sacred texts (svādhyāya) (one who always studies sacred texts)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nityasvādhyāyin

nityasvādhyāyin - one who regularly performs svādhyāya (study of sacred texts)

Bahuvrīhi compound: nityaṃ svādhyāyo yasyāsti saḥ (one for whom svādhyāya is always present)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nitya+svādhyāya)

• nitya – always, eternal, constant
  adjective
• svādhyāya – study of sacred texts, self-study
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from su + adhi + i (to go, to study)
  Prefixes: su+adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'brāhmaṇaḥ'.

पतितान्नवर्जी (patitānnavarjī) - avoids food from fallen individuals (one who avoids food from fallen people)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patitānnavarjin

patitānnavarjin - one who avoids food (anna) from fallen (patita) persons

Bahuvrīhi compound: patitam annaṃ varjayati yaḥ saḥ (one who avoids food from fallen persons)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (patita+anna+varjin)

• patita – fallen, degraded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √pat (to fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)
• anna – food, grain
  noun (neuter)
• varjin – avoiding, excluding
  adjective
  Derived from √vṛj (to avoid) with -in suffix
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'brāhmaṇaḥ'.

ऋतम् (ṛtam) - the truth (ṛta) (truth, cosmic order, right)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ṛta

ṛta - truth, cosmic order, righteousness, natural law (dharma)

Note: Object of 'bruvan'.

ब्रुवन् (bruvan) - speaking (the truth) (speaking, saying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

Derived from √brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'brāhmaṇaḥ'.

गुरवे (gurave) - for his preceptor (guru) (to the teacher, for the preceptor)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important

कर्म (karma) - service (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate

Derived from √kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kurvan'.

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - performing (service) (doing, performing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle

Derived from √kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'brāhmaṇaḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'cyavate'.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brāhmaṇa (a brāhmaṇa, a member of the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, related to Brahmā or Brahman

Derived from brahman

Note: Subject of the sentence.

च्यवते (cyavate) - falls (falls, deviates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of cyu

Present Middle (ātmanepada)

3rd person singular present middle of √cyu

Root: cyu (class 1)

ब्रह्मलोकात् (brahmalokāt) - from the realm of Brahmā (brahmaloka) (from the world of Brahmā)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of brahmaloka

brahmaloka - world of Brahmā

Tatpuruṣa compound: brahmaṇaḥ lokaḥ (world of Brahmā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+loka)

• brahman – Brahmā (the creator god), Brahman (the absolute reality), sacred word, priestly class
  noun (neuter)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses separation from.