महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-40, verse-4

असूयैकपदं मृत्युरतिवादः श्रियो वधः ।
अशुश्रूषा त्वरा श्लाघा विद्यायाः शत्रवस्त्रयः ॥४॥

4. asūyaikapadaṁ mṛtyurativādaḥ śriyo vadhaḥ ,
aśuśrūṣā tvarā ślāghā vidyāyāḥ śatravastrayaḥ.

4. asūyā ekapadam mṛtyuḥ ativādaḥ śriyaḥ vadhaḥ
aśuśrūṣā tvarā ślāghā vidyāyāḥ śatravaḥ trayaḥ

4. Envy is the root cause of death. Excessive speech brings about the destruction of prosperity. Lack of attentiveness (aśuśrūṣā), impatience (tvarā), and self-praise (ślāghā) are the three enemies of knowledge.

Words meanings summery:

• असूया (asūyā) - envy, jealousy, ill-will

• एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole cause or step (towards) (single cause, sole step, one word)

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death

• अतिवादः (ativādaḥ) - excessive speech, abuse, harsh words

• श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of prosperity, of wealth, of glory

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - destruction, killing, slaying

• अशुश्रूषा (aśuśrūṣā) - disinclination to listen, lack of obedience, inattention

• त्वरा (tvarā) - haste, speed, impatience

• श्लाघा (ślāghā) - self-praise, boasting, eulogy

• विद्यायाः (vidyāyāḥ) - of knowledge, of learning

• शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

Words meanings and morphology

असूया (asūyā) - envy, jealousy, ill-will

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asūyā

asūyā - envy, jealousy, malignity

From root sūy (to vex) with prefix a- (negative/intensive).

Prefix: a

Root: sūy (class 10)

एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole cause or step (towards) (single cause, sole step, one word)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ekapada

ekapada - one step, one foot; single word, sole cause

Compound of eka (one) and pada (step, word, cause).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+pada)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• pada – foot, step, word, position, cause
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate nominative for `asūyā`.

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, Yama (god of death)

From root mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: The subject of the first clause, meaning 'death itself'.

अतिवादः (ativādaḥ) - excessive speech, abuse, harsh words

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ativāda

ativāda - excessive talk, abuse, reproach, insult

From root vad (to speak) with upasarga ati-.

Prefix: ati

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

श्रियः (śriyaḥ) - of prosperity, of wealth, of glory

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, fortune, glory, beauty, goddess Lakṣmī

Note: Modifies `vadhaḥ`.

वधः (vadhaḥ) - destruction, killing, slaying

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - striking, killing, slaying, destruction, annihilation

From root vadh (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for `ativādaḥ`.

अशुश्रूषा (aśuśrūṣā) - disinclination to listen, lack of obedience, inattention

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aśuśrūṣā

aśuśrūṣā - disinclination to hear or obey, inattention, disobedience

Negative of śuśrūṣā (desire to hear/serve).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śuśrūṣā)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śuśrūṣā – desire to hear, desire to serve, obedience, attentiveness
  noun (feminine)
  desiderative nominalization
  From desiderative stem of root śru (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: One of the three enemies.

त्वरा (tvarā) - haste, speed, impatience

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tvarā

tvarā - haste, speed, quickness, impatience

From root tvar (to hurry).

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: One of the three enemies.

श्लाघा (ślāghā) - self-praise, boasting, eulogy

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ślāghā

ślāghā - praise, boasting, self-praise

From root ślāgh (to praise).

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

Note: One of the three enemies.

विद्यायाः (vidyāyāḥ) - of knowledge, of learning

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom

From root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Modifies `śatravaḥ`.

शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Note: Predicate nominative for `aśuśrūṣā`, `tvarā`, `ślāghā`.

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with `śatravaḥ` in gender and number.