महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-40, verse-27

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्यैष धर्मस्तवोक्तो हेतुं चात्र ब्रुवतो मे निबोध ।
क्षात्राद्धर्माद्धीयते पाण्डुपुत्रस्तं त्वं राजन्राजधर्मे नियुङ्क्ष्व ॥२७॥

27. cāturvarṇyasyaiṣa dharmastavokto; hetuṁ cātra bruvato me nibodha ,
kṣātrāddharmāddhīyate pāṇḍuputra;staṁ tvaṁ rājanrājadharme niyuṅkṣva.

27. cāturvarṇyasya eṣaḥ dharmaḥ tava uktaḥ
hetum ca atra bruvataḥ me nibodha
kṣātrāt dharmāt dhīyate pāṇḍuputraḥ
tam tvam rājan rājadharme niyuṅkṣva

27. This natural law (dharma) of the four social classes has been explained by you. Now, listen to me as I state the reason for it here. The son of Pāṇḍu is being deprived of his duty as a warrior (kṣātra dharma). Therefore, O King, you should appoint him to the duty of a king (rājadharma).

Words meanings summery:

• चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes, of the four varṇas

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, duty, constitution, righteousness

• तव (tava) - by you, of you, your

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, told, explained

• हेतुम् (hetum) - reason, cause

• च (ca) - and, also

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - of one who is speaking, speaking

• मे (me) - to me, for me, by me, my

• निबोध (nibodha) - listen, understand, know

• क्षात्रात् (kṣātrāt) - from the kṣatriya dharma, from the warrior's duty

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from duty, from natural law

• धीयते (dhīyate) - is being deprived, is being taken away

• पाण्डुपुत्रः (pāṇḍuputraḥ) - the son of Pāṇḍu

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• राजधर्मे (rājadharme) - in the duty of a king, to the duty of a king

• नियुङ्क्ष्व (niyuṅkṣva) - appoint, engage, direct

Words meanings and morphology

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes, of the four varṇas

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four varṇas or social classes

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, duty, constitution, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, constitution, righteousness, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तव (tava) - by you, of you, your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, told, explained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

Past Passive Participle

from vac + kta

Root: vac (class 2)

हेतुम् (hetum) - reason, cause

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive

Root: hi (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - of one who is speaking, speaking

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, telling

Present Active Participle

from brū + śatṛ

Root: brū (class 2)

मे (me) - to me, for me, by me, my

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

निबोध (nibodha) - listen, understand, know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular

from ni + budh (1st class)

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

क्षात्रात् (kṣātrāt) - from the kṣatriya dharma, from the warrior's duty

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṣātra

kṣātra - belonging to the kṣatriya caste, warrior-like

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from duty, from natural law

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, constitution, righteousness, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धीयते (dhīyate) - is being deprived, is being taken away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhā

Present tense, 3rd person singular

from dhā (3rd class, middle voice), used in passive voice here with ablative meaning 'to be deprived of'

Root: dhā (class 3)

पाण्डुपुत्रः (pāṇḍuputraḥ) - the son of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

राजधर्मे (rājadharme) - in the duty of a king, to the duty of a king

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājadharma

rājadharma - duty of a king, royal duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dharma – duty, natural law, constitution, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नियुङ्क्ष्व (niyuṅkṣva) - appoint, engage, direct

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of niyuj

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, middle voice

from ni + yuj (7th class)

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)