महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-32, verse-8

स ते पुत्रान्पृच्छति प्रीयमाणः कच्चित्पुत्रैः प्रीयसे नप्तृभिश्च ।
तथा सुहृद्भिः सचिवैश्च राजन्ये चापि त्वामुपजीवन्ति तैश्च ॥८॥

8. sa te putrānpṛcchati prīyamāṇaḥ; kaccitputraiḥ prīyase naptṛbhiśca ,
tathā suhṛdbhiḥ sacivaiśca rāja;nye cāpi tvāmupajīvanti taiśca.

8. saḥ te putrān pṛcchati prīyamāṇaḥ
kaccit putraiḥ prīyase naptṛbhiḥ ca
tathā suhṛdbhiḥ sacivaiḥ ca rājanya
ye ca api tvām upajīvanti taiḥ ca

8. He (Yudhishthira) affectionately asks about your sons and inquires, "O King, are you pleased with your sons and grandsons, and similarly with your friends, ministers, and all those who depend on you?"

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Yudhishthira) (he, that)

• ते (te) - your (Dhritarashtra's) (your)

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons (of Dhritarashtra) (sons)

• पृच्छति (pṛcchati) - asks about, inquires about (asks, inquires)

• प्रीयमाणः (prīyamāṇaḥ) - with affection (as he asks) (being pleased, showing affection, loving)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - (inquires if it is so) (expresses an interrogative with hope, 'I hope that...', 'Is it so that...?')

• पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - with your sons (with sons)

• प्रीयसे (prīyase) - are you pleased (you are pleased, you delight)

• नप्तृभिः (naptṛbhiḥ) - with grandsons (with grandsons, with descendants)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथा (tathā) - and similarly (thus, so, similarly)

• सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - with your friends (with friends)

• सचिवैः (sacivaiḥ) - with your ministers (with ministers, with companions)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राजन्य (rājanya) - O King (Dhritarashtra) (O king)

• ये (ye) - all those who (who (plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Dhritarashtra) (you)

• उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - they depend on you (they live by, they subsist on, they depend on)

• तैः (taiḥ) - with them (with them, by them)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Yudhishthira) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

ते (te) - your (Dhritarashtra's) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

Note: Enclitic form of genitive.

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons (of Dhritarashtra) (sons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

Note: Object of `pṛcchati`.

पृच्छति (pṛcchati) - asks about, inquires about (asks, inquires)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pṛcch

Root pṛcch (from praś), present tense, active voice, third person singular

Root: pṛcch (class 6)

प्रीयमाणः (prīyamāṇaḥ) - with affection (as he asks) (being pleased, showing affection, loving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīyamāṇa

prīyamāṇa - being pleased, loving, affectionate, being gladdened

Present Middle Participle

From root prī (to please, to love), present middle participle

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the subject `saḥ` (Yudhishthira).

कच्चित् (kaccit) - (inquires if it is so) (expresses an interrogative with hope, 'I hope that...', 'Is it so that...?')

(indeclinable)

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - with your sons (with sons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

Note: Instrumental case indicates association or cause, here 'pleased by/with'.

प्रीयसे (prīyase) - are you pleased (you are pleased, you delight)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prī

Root prī, present tense, middle voice, second person singular

Root: prī (class 9)

नप्तृभिः (naptṛbhiḥ) - with grandsons (with grandsons, with descendants)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of naptṛ

naptṛ - grandson, descendant

Note: Instrumental case indicates association with `prīyase`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `putraiḥ` and `naptṛbhiḥ`.

तथा (tathā) - and similarly (thus, so, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the next part of the inquiry.

सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - with your friends (with friends)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, good-hearted

Compound: su (good) + hṛd (heart)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental case with `prīyase`.

सचिवैः (sacivaiḥ) - with your ministers (with ministers, with companions)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saciva

saciva - minister, companion, associate

From saha (with) + civa (abode, place), one who lives with or accompanies, hence a minister.

Note: Instrumental case with `prīyase`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `suhṛdbhiḥ` and `sacivaiḥ`.

राजन्य (rājanya) - O King (Dhritarashtra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Alternative vocative form for `rājan`.

ये (ye) - all those who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Subject of `upajīvanti`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the previous list.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'even these'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Dhritarashtra) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

Note: Object of `upajīvanti`.

उपजीवन्ति (upajīvanti) - they depend on you (they live by, they subsist on, they depend on)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Root jīv (to live) with prefix upa (near, dependent), present tense, active voice, third person plural.

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

तैः (taiḥ) - with them (with them, by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to those who depend on him. Connects to `prīyase`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the final part of the list to the main question.