महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-32, verse-5

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
आचक्ष्व मां सुखिनं काल्यमस्मै प्रवेश्यतां स्वागतं संजयाय ।
न चाहमेतस्य भवाम्यकाल्यः स मे कस्माद्द्वारि तिष्ठेत क्षत्तः ॥५॥

5. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
ācakṣva māṁ sukhinaṁ kālyamasmai; praveśyatāṁ svāgataṁ saṁjayāya ,
na cāhametasya bhavāmyakālyaḥ; sa me kasmāddvāri tiṣṭheta kṣattaḥ.

5. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca ācakṣva mām sukhinam
kālyam asmai praveśyatām svāgatam
saṃjayāya na ca aham etasya bhavāmi akālyaḥ
saḥ me kasmāt dvāri tiṣṭheta kṣattaḥ

5. Dhritarashtra said: "Tell him that I am happy and in good health. Let Sanjaya be admitted and welcomed. For I am not unworthy of him; why should he stand at my door, O charioteer?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra (Dhritarashtra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell (tell, relate, instruct)

• माम् (mām) - me

• सुखिनम् (sukhinam) - happy, well (happy, joyful, well)

• काल्यम् (kālyam) - in good health (healthy, auspicious, timely)

• अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Sanjaya) (to him, for him)

• प्रवेश्यताम् (praveśyatām) - let him be admitted (let him be admitted, let him enter)

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome (welcome, well-come)

• संजयाय (saṁjayāya) - for Sanjaya (to Sanjaya, for Sanjaya)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - for (implied conjunction) (and, also, moreover)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• एतस्य (etasya) - of him (Sanjaya) (of this, of him)

• भवामि (bhavāmi) - I am (I am, I become)

• अकाल्यः (akālyaḥ) - unworthy (of his visit) (not well, not timely, unworthy)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Sanjaya) (he, that)

• मे (me) - for my sake, for me (to me, for me, my)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what)

• द्वारि (dvāri) - at my door (at the door, in the gate)

• तिष्ठेत (tiṣṭheta) - he should stand (he should stand, he might stand)

• क्षत्तः (kṣattaḥ) - O charioteer (O charioteer, O doorkeeper)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name)

Derived from dhṛta (held/supported) + rāṣṭra (kingdom)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, nation
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, perfect form uvāca

Root: vac (class 2)

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell (tell, relate, instruct)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Root cakṣ (to see, tell) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Atmanepada form.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun

सुखिनम् (sukhinam) - happy, well (happy, joyful, well)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, possessing happiness, well

Derived from sukha (happiness) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Modifies the implicit subject of 'I am well' (aham).

काल्यम् (kālyam) - in good health (healthy, auspicious, timely)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālya

kālya - healthy, well, auspicious, timely, relating to time

From kāla (time) + -ya

Note: Modifies the implicit subject of 'I am well' (aham).

अस्मै (asmai) - to him (Sanjaya) (to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Sanjaya.

प्रवेश्यताम् (praveśyatām) - let him be admitted (let him be admitted, let him enter)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of viś

Root viś with prefix pra, passive imperative form

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Derived from pra-√viś.

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome (welcome, well-come)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - welcome, well-come, fortunate arrival

Past Passive Participle (originally) used as noun/adjective

From su (well) + āgata (come)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+āgata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Can be adverbial or noun. Here, likely used as an adverbial accusative or an object implying 'let welcome be done'.

संजयाय (saṁjayāya) - for Sanjaya (to Sanjaya, for Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

From root ji (to conquer) with prefix sam (completely), meaning 'complete victory' or the name of a person.

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - for (implied conjunction) (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to connect ideas, can sometimes imply 'for' or 'but' in context.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun

एतस्य (etasya) - of him (Sanjaya) (of this, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Sanjaya.

भवामि (bhavāmi) - I am (I am, I become)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root bhū, present tense, active voice, first person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

अकाल्यः (akālyaḥ) - unworthy (of his visit) (not well, not timely, unworthy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akālya

akālya - not timely, not fit, unworthy, unhealthy

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of kālya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kālya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kālya – timely, fit, proper, healthy
  adjective

Note: Predicative adjective for 'aham'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Sanjaya) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Sanjaya.

मे (me) - for my sake, for me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun

Note: Enclitic form of dative or genitive. Here, dative sense 'for me'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why (why, from what)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which, why

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Used adverbially as 'why'.

द्वारि (dvāri) - at my door (at the door, in the gate)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dvār

dvār - door, gate

तिष्ठेत (tiṣṭheta) - he should stand (he should stand, he might stand)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sthā

Root sthā, optative mode, active voice, third person singular

Root: sthā (class 1)

क्षत्तः (kṣattaḥ) - O charioteer (O charioteer, O doorkeeper)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṣattṛ

kṣattṛ - charioteer, chamberlain, doorkeeper, attendant

Note: The vocative addresses the charioteer.