महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-26, verse-22

जानन्त्येते कुरवः सर्व एव ये चाप्यन्ये भूमिपालाः समेताः ।
दुर्योधनं चापराधे चरन्तमरिंदमे फल्गुनेऽविद्यमाने ॥२२॥

22. jānantyete kuravaḥ sarva eva; ye cāpyanye bhūmipālāḥ sametāḥ ,
duryodhanaṁ cāparādhe caranta;mariṁdame phalgune'vidyamāne.

22. jānanti ete kuravaḥ sarve eva ye
ca api anye bhūmipālāḥ sametāḥ
| duryodhanam ca aparādhe
carantam ariṃdame phalgune avidyamāne

22. All these Kurus, indeed, and also the other kings who have assembled, know that Duryodhana is acting in transgression (aparādhe) when Arjuna, the subduer of enemies (ariṃdama), is not present.

Words meanings summery:

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they understand

• एते (ete) - these

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - Kurus

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, whole

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अन्ये (anye) - other

• भूमिपालाः (bhūmipālāḥ) - kings, rulers of the earth

• समेताः (sametāḥ) - assembled, gathered, united

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• च (ca) - and

• अपराधे (aparādhe) - in transgression, in offense, in crime

• चरन्तम् (carantam) - acting, behaving, engaged in

• अरिंदमे (ariṁdame) - in Arjuna, the subduer of enemies (in the subduer of enemies)

• फल्गुने (phalgune) - in Arjuna (Arjuna's name)

• अविद्यमाने (avidyamāne) - when not existing, when absent

Words meanings and morphology

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Active

Class 9 verb, Parasmaipada.

Root: jñā (class 9)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - Kurus

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru, a member of the Kuru clan

Note: Subject of jānanti.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Pronominal adjective.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अन्ये (anye) - other

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Pronominal adjective.

भूमिपालाः (bhūmipālāḥ) - kings, rulers of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhūmipāla

bhūmipāla - king, ruler of the earth

From 'bhūmi' (earth) + 'pāla' (protector/ruler).

Note: Subject of jānanti (implied).

समेताः (sametāḥ) - assembled, gathered, united

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sameta

sameta - assembled, met, joined, united

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'sam' + root 'i' (to go) + suffix 'ta'.

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions adjectivally; qualifies bhūmipālāḥ.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (chief of the Kauravas, 'one who is difficult to conquer')

From 'dur' (difficult) + 'yodhana' (fighting).

Note: Object of jānanti, and qualified by carantam.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपराधे (aparādhe) - in transgression, in offense, in crime

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, transgression, fault, crime, error

From 'apa' (away, wrong) + 'rādh' (to succeed, fail).

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 4)

चरन्तम् (carantam) - acting, behaving, engaged in

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of carant

carant - moving, walking, acting, behaving

Present Active Participle

From root 'car' (to move, to act) + present participle suffix.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies duryodhanam.

अरिंदमे (ariṁdame) - in Arjuna, the subduer of enemies (in the subduer of enemies)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ariṃdama

ariṁdama - subduer of enemies, vanquisher of foes (an epithet of Arjuna)

From 'ari' (enemy) + 'dam' (to subdue).

Note: In apposition to phalgune.

फल्गुने (phalgune) - in Arjuna (Arjuna's name)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (born under the star Phalguni)

Note: Locative absolute construction with avidyamāne.

अविद्यमाने (avidyamāne) - when not existing, when absent

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of avidyamāna

avidyamāna - not existing, not present, absent

Present Middle Participle

From 'a' (not) + 'vidyamāna' (present participle of √vid, to be).

Prefix: a

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Functions adverbially as part of a locative absolute construction with phalgune.