महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-26, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कां नु वाचं संजय मे शृणोषि युद्धैषिणीं येन युद्धाद्बिभेषि ।
अयुद्धं वै तात युद्धाद्गरीयः कस्तल्लब्ध्वा जातु युध्येत सूत ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kāṁ nu vācaṁ saṁjaya me śṛṇoṣi; yuddhaiṣiṇīṁ yena yuddhādbibheṣi ,
ayuddhaṁ vai tāta yuddhādgarīyaḥ; kastallabdhvā jātu yudhyeta sūta.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kām nu vācam saṃjaya
me śṛṇoṣi yuddhaiṣiṇīm yena yuddhāt
bibheṣi ayuddham vai tāta yuddhāt garīyaḥ
kaḥ tat labdhvā jātu yudhyeta sūta

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O Sañjaya, what kind of war-seeking words of mine do you hear, such that you fear war? O dear one, indeed, peace is superior to war. Who, having attained that (peace), would ever fight, O charioteer?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• काम् (kām) - what kind of, which

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (interrogative/emphatic particle)

• वाचम् (vācam) - word, speech

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

• मे (me) - my, of me

• शृणोषि (śṛṇoṣi) - you hear

• युद्धैषिणीम् (yuddhaiṣiṇīm) - war-seeking, desiring war

• युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from war, than war

• बिभेषि (bibheṣi) - you fear

• अयुद्धम् (ayuddham) - non-war, peace

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily (emphatic particle)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, father, son (term of endearment)

• युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - than war

• गरीयः (garīyaḥ) - heavier, more grievous, more important, superior

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• तत् (tat) - Refers to 'ayuddham' (peace). (that)

• लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having gained

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time

• युध्येत (yudhyeta) - would fight, should fight

• सूत (sūta) - Refers to Sañjaya, who is a charioteer by profession. (O charioteer! (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound meaning 'firm in battle' (yudhi-sthira).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, war
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Root √vac, 2nd class, Parasmaipada, perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

काम् (kām) - what kind of, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Modifies 'vācam'.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then (interrogative/emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

वाचम् (vācam) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śṛṇoṣi'.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Sañjaya!

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and minister)

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Here used in genitive sense 'my'.

शृणोषि (śṛṇoṣi) - you hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Root √śru, 5th class, Parasmaipada, present tense, 2nd person singular.

युद्धैषिणीम् (yuddhaiṣiṇīm) - war-seeking, desiring war

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yuddhaiṣiṇī

yuddhaiṣiṇī - desirous of war, war-seeking (feminine form)

Compound formed from yuddha (war) + eṣiṇ (seeking, desiring).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuddha+eṣiṇ)

• yuddha – war, battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
  From root √yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• eṣiṇ – seeking, desiring, going
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √iṣ (to seek, desire), with suffix -in
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'vācam'.

युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from war, than war

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight

Past Passive Participle

From root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

बिभेषि (bibheṣi) - you fear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhī

Reduplicated root verb.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Root √bhī, 3rd class, Parasmaipada, present tense, 2nd person singular.

अयुद्धम् (ayuddham) - non-war, peace

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ayuddha

ayuddha - non-war, peace, not fighting

Negation of yuddha (war).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+yuddha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negating prefix.
• yuddha – war, battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
  From root √yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'garīyaḥ'.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

तात (tāta) - O dear one, father, son (term of endearment)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (a term of affection)

युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - than war

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight

Past Passive Participle

From root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Used for comparison 'than war'.

गरीयः (garīyaḥ) - heavier, more grievous, more important, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of garīyas

garīyas - heavier, more grievous, more important, superior

Comparative

Comparative degree of guru (heavy, important).

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Subject of 'yudhyeta'.

तत् (tat) - Refers to 'ayuddham' (peace). (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of the gerund 'labdhvā'.

लब्ध्वा (labdhvā) - having obtained, having gained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √labh (to obtain, gain).

Root: labh (class 1)

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time

(indeclinable)

युध्येत (yudhyeta) - would fight, should fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Root √yudh, 4th class, Ātmanepada, optative mood, 3rd person singular.

सूत (sūta) - Refers to Sañjaya, who is a charioteer by profession. (O charioteer! (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, son (of a kṣatriya by a brāhmaṇī)