महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-26, verse-20

यत्तत्कर्णो मन्यते पारणीयं युद्धे गृहीतायुधमर्जुनेन ।
आसंश्च युद्धानि पुरा महान्ति कथं कर्णो नाभवद्द्वीप एषाम् ॥२०॥

20. yattatkarṇo manyate pāraṇīyaṁ; yuddhe gṛhītāyudhamarjunena ,
āsaṁśca yuddhāni purā mahānti; kathaṁ karṇo nābhavaddvīpa eṣām.

20. yat tat karṇaḥ manyate pāraṇīyam
yuddhe gṛhītāyudham arjunena |
āsan ca yuddhāni purā mahānti
katham karṇaḥ na abhavat dvīpaḥ eṣām

20. Karna believes that this armed battle is to be brought to an end by Arjuna. Yet, in the great wars that occurred previously, how is it that Karna did not become a refuge (dvīpa) for those (involved in them)?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

• तत् (tat) - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name)

• मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, believes, considers

• पारणीयम् (pāraṇīyam) - to be brought to an end (to be accomplished, to be concluded, to be brought to an end, to be overcome)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• गृहीतायुधम् (gṛhītāyudham) - pertaining to an armed battle (armed, having taken up weapons)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• आसन् (āsan) - they were, there were

• च (ca) - and

• युद्धानि (yuddhāni) - battles, wars

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

• महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, important

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• न (na) - not

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• द्वीपः (dvīpaḥ) - refuge, shelter (island, refuge, shelter, support)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - for those (combatants) (of these, for these (people/battles))

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

तत् (tat) - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Correlative to yat.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (son of Surya and Kunti, hero in Mahabharata)

मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, believes, considers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

Class 4 verb (man), Ātmanepada.

Root: man (class 4)

पारणीयम् (pāraṇīyam) - to be brought to an end (to be accomplished, to be concluded, to be brought to an end, to be overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāraṇīya

pāraṇīya - to be accomplished, to be concluded, to be brought to an end, to be overcome, to be fulfilled

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root 'pṛ' (to cross, to fill, to complete) with the suffix '-anīya'.

Root: pṛ (class 3)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle of √yudh, then used as noun.

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

गृहीतायुधम् (gṛhītāyudham) - pertaining to an armed battle (armed, having taken up weapons)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gṛhītāyudha

gṛhītāyudha - having taken up weapons, armed, carrying arms

From 'gṛhīta' (past passive participle of √grah, to take) + 'āyudha' (weapon).

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pandava brothers, a renowned archer)

आसन् (āsan) - they were, there were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

Class 2 verb, Parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

युद्धानि (yuddhāni) - battles, wars

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle of √yudh, then used as noun.

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of āsan.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Class 1 verb, Parasmaipada.

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्वीपः (dvīpaḥ) - refuge, shelter (island, refuge, shelter, support)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent, refuge, shelter, support

Note: Predicative nominative to karṇaḥ.

एषाम् (eṣām) - for those (combatants) (of these, for these (people/battles))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.