महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-19, verse-23

तथा माहिष्मतीवासी नीलो नीलायुधैः सह ।
महीपालो महावीर्यैर्दक्षिणापथवासिभिः ॥२३॥

23. tathā māhiṣmatīvāsī nīlo nīlāyudhaiḥ saha ,
mahīpālo mahāvīryairdakṣiṇāpathavāsibhiḥ.

23. tathā māhiṣmatīvāsī nīlaḥ nīlāyudhaiḥ saha
mahīpālaḥ mahāvīryaiḥ dakṣiṇāpathavāsibhiḥ

23. Likewise, Nīla, the king residing in Māhiṣmatī, came with his blue-weaponed warriors and powerful heroes who were residents of the southern region (Dakṣiṇāpatha).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, so

• माहिष्मतीवासी (māhiṣmatīvāsī) - resident of Māhiṣmatī

• नीलः (nīlaḥ) - King Nīla of Māhiṣmatī (Nīla (proper noun))

• नीलायुधैः (nīlāyudhaiḥ) - with those having blue weapons, with blue-weaponed ones

• सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

• महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, ruler

• महावीर्यैः (mahāvīryaiḥ) - with mighty heroes, with those of great valor

• दक्षिणापथवासिभिः (dakṣiṇāpathavāsibhiḥ) - with residents of Dakṣiṇāpatha (southern region)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - likewise, so

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem tad.

Note: Connects to previous actions.

माहिष्मतीवासी (māhiṣmatīvāsī) - resident of Māhiṣmatī

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māhiṣmatīvāsin

māhiṣmatīvāsin - dweller in Māhiṣmatī (an ancient city)

Compound: Māhiṣmatī (proper noun) + vāsin (dweller, from √vas to dwell)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (māhiṣmatī+vāsin)

• māhiṣmatī – Māhiṣmatī (name of an ancient city)
  proper noun (feminine)
• vāsin – dweller, resident
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/nominal derivative
  Derived from √vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Nīla.

नीलः (nīlaḥ) - King Nīla of Māhiṣmatī (Nīla (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nīla

nīla - Nīla (name of a king, specifically of Māhiṣmatī)

Note: Subject.

नीलायुधैः (nīlāyudhaiḥ) - with those having blue weapons, with blue-weaponed ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nīlāyudha

nīlāyudha - having blue weapons or blue implements

Compound: nīla (blue) + āyudha (weapon)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nīla+āyudha)

• nīla – blue, dark blue, blackish
  adjective
• āyudha – weapon, implement, tool
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ā

Note: Used with saha (with).

सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing instrumental case.

महीपालः (mahīpālaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - king, ruler (lit. protector of the earth)

Compound: mahī (earth) + pāla (protector, from √pā to protect)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  From √pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Appositive to Nīla.

महावीर्यैः (mahāvīryaiḥ) - with mighty heroes, with those of great valor

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāvīrya

mahāvīrya - of great valor, very powerful, mighty hero

Compound: mahā (great) + vīrya (valor, heroism, strength)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vīrya)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• vīrya – valor, heroism, strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used implicitly with saha (or instrumental of association).

दक्षिणापथवासिभिः (dakṣiṇāpathavāsibhiḥ) - with residents of Dakṣiṇāpatha (southern region)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dakṣiṇāpathavāsin

dakṣiṇāpathavāsin - dweller of the southern region (Dakṣiṇāpatha)

Compound: Dakṣiṇāpatha (southern region) + vāsin (dweller)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dakṣiṇāpatha+vāsin)

• dakṣiṇāpatha – southern region, Deccan
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: dakṣiṇa (south) + patha (path/region)
• vāsin – dweller, resident
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/nominal derivative
  Derived from √vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mahāvīryaiḥ and nīlāyudhaiḥ.