महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-183, verse-3

तेन सूतो मम सुहृच्छरवर्षेण ताडितः ।
निपपात रथोपस्थे मनो मम विषादयन् ॥३॥

3. tena sūto mama suhṛccharavarṣeṇa tāḍitaḥ ,
nipapāta rathopasthe mano mama viṣādayan.

3. tena sūtaḥ mama suhṛt śaravarṣeṇa tāḍitaḥ
nipapāta rathopasthe manaḥ mama viṣādayan

3. mama suhṛt sūtaḥ tena śaravarṣeṇa tāḍitaḥ
rathopasthe nipapāta mama manaḥ viṣādayan

3. My friend, the charioteer, struck by his rain of arrows, fell onto the chariot floor, causing great distress to my mind.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him (Rama) (by him, by that)

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - charioteer

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend, benefactor

• शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - by a rain of arrows, by a shower of arrows

• ताडितः (tāḍitaḥ) - struck, hit, afflicted

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on the chariot floor, on the chariot seat

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, spirit

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• विषादयन् (viṣādayan) - distressing, causing sadness, bewildering

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him (Rama) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend, benefactor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend

Note: The final 'd' of suhṛd becomes 't' due to sandhi before a sibilant.

शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - by a rain of arrows, by a shower of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)

ताडितः (tāḍitaḥ) - struck, hit, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāḍita

tāḍita - struck, hit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'tāḍ' (to strike).

Root: tāḍ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sūtaḥ'.

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nipat

Perfect

Formed from the root 'pat' with the prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - on the chariot floor, on the chariot seat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot seat, floor of a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – seat, lap, floor
  noun (masculine)

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, spirit

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, spirit

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

विषादयन् (viṣādayan) - distressing, causing sadness, bewildering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣādayat

viṣādayat - distressing, causing despondency

Present Active Participle

Causal form of root 'sad' (to sink, despond) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)