महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-183, verse-18

ततोऽहं स्वयमुद्यम्य हयांस्तान्वातरंहसः ।
अयुध्यं जामदग्न्येन निवृत्तेऽहनि भारत ॥१८॥

18. tato'haṁ svayamudyamya hayāṁstānvātaraṁhasaḥ ,
ayudhyaṁ jāmadagnyena nivṛtte'hani bhārata.

18. tataḥ aham svayam udyamya hayān tān vātarahasā
ayudhyam jāmadagnyena nivṛtte ahani bhārata

18. bhārata,
tataḥ aham svayam vātarahasā udyamya,
tān hayān nivṛtte ahani jāmadagnyena ayudhyam

18. O Bhārata, then, exerting myself with the speed of the wind, I fought against Jāmadagnya with those horses, as the day came to an end.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• स्वयम् (svayam) - myself (myself, by oneself, spontaneously)

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - exerting myself, having prepared (having exerted, having prepared, having undertaken)

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• तान् (tān) - those

• वातरहसा (vātarahasā) - with the speed of the wind (with wind-like speed, by the speed of the wind)

• अयुध्यम् (ayudhyam) - I fought

• जामदग्न्येन (jāmadagnyena) - with Jāmadagnya (Parasurama) (by Jāmadagni, with Jāmadagni)

• निवृत्ते (nivṛtte) - when it ended, having ended (having ceased, having turned back, when it ceased)

• अहनि (ahani) - as the day came to an end (locative of time) (in the day, on the day)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (a traditional address in the Mahabharata) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

स्वयम् (svayam) - myself (myself, by oneself, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - exerting myself, having prepared (having exerted, having prepared, having undertaken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root yam (to restrain, to strive) with upasarga ud

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Root: hi

Note: Object of implied verb 'using' or 'leading'.

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'hayān'.

वातरहसा (vātarahasā) - with the speed of the wind (with wind-like speed, by the speed of the wind)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vātarahas

vātarahas - wind-like speed, swiftness of wind

Compound formed from vāta (wind) and rahas (speed, swiftness)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (vāta+rahas)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• rahas – speed, swiftness, solitude
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rah (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage, describing the manner of exertion or fighting.

अयुध्यम् (ayudhyam) - I fought

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect

'a'-augment + root yudh + personal ending

Root: yudh (class 4)

जामदग्न्येन (jāmadagnyena) - with Jāmadagnya (Parasurama) (by Jāmadagni, with Jāmadagni)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jāmadagnya

jāmadagnya - descendant of Jamadagni, Parasurama

Patronymic from Jamadagni

Note: Refers to Parashurama, son of Jamadagni.

निवृत्ते (nivṛtte) - when it ended, having ended (having ceased, having turned back, when it ceased)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - ceased, turned back, returned, completed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, exist) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the day, in a locative absolute construction.

अहनि (ahani) - as the day came to an end (locative of time) (in the day, on the day)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'nivṛtte'.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (a traditional address in the Mahabharata) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata

Root: bhṛ