महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-183, verse-11

मम तत्राभवन्ये तु कौरवाः पार्श्वतः स्थिताः ।
आगता ये च युद्धं तज्जनास्तत्र दिदृक्षवः ।
आर्तिं परमिकां जग्मुस्ते तदा मयि पातिते ॥११॥

11. mama tatrābhavanye tu kauravāḥ pārśvataḥ sthitāḥ ,
āgatā ye ca yuddhaṁ tajjanāstatra didṛkṣavaḥ ,
ārtiṁ paramikāṁ jagmuste tadā mayi pātite.

11. mama tatra abhavan ye tu kauravāḥ
pārśvataḥ sthitāḥ āgatāḥ ye ca yuddham
tat janāḥ tatra didṛkṣavaḥ ārtim
paramikām jagmuḥ te tadā mayi pātite

11. ye tu kauravāḥ pārśvataḥ sthitāḥ
tatra mama abhavan ca ye janāḥ tat
yuddham didṛkṣavaḥ tatra āgatāḥ te mayi
pātite tadā paramikām ārtim jagmuḥ

11. Indeed, those Kauravas who stood by my side there, and those people who had come to witness that battle, they all experienced extreme anguish when I fell.

Words meanings summery:

• मम (mama) - my, to me

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they were, they became

• ये (ye) - who (masculine plural nominative)

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

• कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas

• पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - from the side, beside

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing, situated

• आगताः (āgatāḥ) - arrived, come

• ये (ye) - who (masculine plural nominative)

• च (ca) - and

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

• तत् (tat) - that (neuter singular accusative/nominative); that (adjective)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• दिदृक्षवः (didṛkṣavaḥ) - desirous of seeing, wishing to see

• आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress, suffering, pain

• परमिकाम् (paramikām) - greatest, supreme, highest

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they attained, they reached, they went

• ते (te) - they (masculine plural nominative)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, regarding me

• पातिते (pātite) - having fallen, having been thrown down (locative singular)

Words meanings and morphology

मम (mama) - my, to me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: From 'asmad' (I)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

अभवन् (abhavan) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

ये (ye) - who (masculine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - from the side, beside

(indeclinable)

Suffix -taḥ indicating 'from' or 'at'

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing, situated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

आगताः (āgatāḥ) - arrived, come

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āgata

āgata - come, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

ये (ye) - who (masculine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, war

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

तत् (tat) - that (neuter singular accusative/nominative); that (adjective)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifying yuddham

जनाः (janāḥ) - people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

दिदृक्षवः (didṛkṣavaḥ) - desirous of seeing, wishing to see

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of didṛkṣu

didṛkṣu - desirous of seeing, wishing to see

Desiderative Noun/Adjective

From desiderative stem of dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress, suffering, pain

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - distress, pain, suffering, affliction

परमिकाम् (paramikām) - greatest, supreme, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paramika

paramika - highest, greatest, supreme

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they attained, they reached, they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

ते (te) - they (masculine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, regarding me

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: From 'asmad' (I)

पातिते (pātite) - having fallen, having been thrown down (locative singular)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - fallen, thrown down, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle

From causative of root pat (to fall) or root pā (to throw)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'mayi'