महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-152, verse-31

तथा विनियताः सर्वे ये च तेषां पदानुगाः ।
बभूवुः सैनिका राजन्राज्ञः प्रियचिकीर्षवः ॥३१॥

31. tathā viniyatāḥ sarve ye ca teṣāṁ padānugāḥ ,
babhūvuḥ sainikā rājanrājñaḥ priyacikīrṣavaḥ.

31. tathā viniyatāḥ sarve ye ca teṣām padānugāḥ
babhūvuḥ sainikāḥ rājan rājñaḥ priyacikīrṣavaḥ

31. rājan,
tathā ye ca teṣām padānugāḥ,
te sarve sainikāḥ viniyatāḥ rājñaḥ priyacikīrṣavaḥ babhūvuḥ.

31. O King, all those soldiers and their followers thus became disciplined and eager to please the king (Duryodhana).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• विनियताः (viniyatāḥ) - disciplined, regulated, restrained

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• च (ca) - and

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (of the soldiers) (of them, their)

• पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - followers, attendants, those who follow the footsteps

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

• सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers

• राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of king Duryodhana (of the king)

• प्रियचिकीर्षवः (priyacikīrṣavaḥ) - desirous of doing what is pleasing, wishing to please, eager to please

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

विनियताः (viniyatāḥ) - disciplined, regulated, restrained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viniyata

viniyata - disciplined, regulated, restrained, well-controlled

Past Passive Participle

From root yam (to restrain) with upasargas vi and ni.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sainikāḥ' and 'padānugāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'sainikāḥ' and 'padānugāḥ'.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the soldiers and their followers.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their (of the soldiers) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the main group of soldiers.

पदानुगाः (padānugāḥ) - followers, attendants, those who follow the footsteps

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padānuga

padānuga - follower, attendant, one who follows the footsteps

Compound of pada (footstep) and anuga (follower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pada+anuga)

• pada – foot, step, word, trace
  noun (neuter)
• anuga – following, accompanying, follower
  adjective
  From anu (after) + gam (to go)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect 3rd plural

From root bhū, perfect tense, 3rd person plural, parasmaipada. Reduplication ba-bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainika

sainika - soldier, warrior

Derived from senā (army).

राजन् (rājan) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of king Duryodhana (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Refers to Duryodhana in context.

प्रियचिकीर्षवः (priyacikīrṣavaḥ) - desirous of doing what is pleasing, wishing to please, eager to please

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of priyacikīrṣu

priyacikīrṣu - desirous of doing what is pleasing, wishing to please

Desiderative derivative

Compound of priya (dear) and cikīrṣu (desirous of doing), which is a desiderative stem from kṛ (to do).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (priya+cikīrṣu)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective
• cikīrṣu – desirous of doing
  adjective
  Desiderative
  Desiderative stem of root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'sainikāḥ' and 'padānugāḥ'.