महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-152, verse-13

यथा रथास्तथा नागा बद्धकक्ष्याः स्वलंकृताः ।
बभूवुः सप्त पुरुषा रत्नवन्त इवाद्रयः ॥१३॥

13. yathā rathāstathā nāgā baddhakakṣyāḥ svalaṁkṛtāḥ ,
babhūvuḥ sapta puruṣā ratnavanta ivādrayaḥ.

13. yathā rathāḥ tathā nāgāḥ baddha-kakṣyāḥ su-alaṃkṛtāḥ
babhūvuḥ sapta puruṣāḥ ratnavantaḥ iva adrayaḥ

13. yathā rathāḥ (āsan),
tathā baddha-kakṣyāḥ su-alaṃkṛtāḥ nāgāḥ babhūvuḥ.
sapta puruṣāḥ ca ratnavantaḥ adrayaḥ iva (babhūvuḥ)

13. Just as there were chariots, so too were there elephants with tightened girths and well-adorned. There were also seven men who resembled mountains laden with jewels.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• तथा (tathā) - so, so also, likewise

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants

• बद्ध-कक्ष्याः (baddha-kakṣyāḥ) - with tied girths/straps

• सु-अलंकृताः (su-alaṁkṛtāḥ) - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they were, they became

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - persons, men

• रत्नवन्तः (ratnavantaḥ) - possessing jewels, jewel-laden

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अद्रयः (adrayaḥ) - mountains

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, just as

(indeclinable)

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

तथा (tathā) - so, so also, likewise

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative with 'yathā'.

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, mountain

Root: nag

Note: Subject of 'babhūvuḥ'.

बद्ध-कक्ष्याः (baddha-kakṣyāḥ) - with tied girths/straps

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of baddha-kakṣya

baddha-kakṣya - having tied girths/straps (around the waist or chest)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (baddha+kakṣyā)

• baddha – tied, bound, fastened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bandh' (to bind, tie).
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• kakṣyā – girth, girdle, belt, strap (especially for elephants)
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'nāgāḥ'.

सु-अलंकृताः (su-alaṁkṛtāḥ) - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of su-alaṃkṛta

su-alaṁkṛta - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

Compound type : praadi-tatpurusha (su+alaṃkṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable/prefix
• alaṃkṛta – adorned, decorated, ornamented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with prefix 'alam'.
  Prefix: alam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'nāgāḥ'.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect tense (liṭ), third person plural

Root 'bhū' (to be) is of class 1. Reduplicated form for Perfect tense.

Root: bhū (class 1)

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣāḥ'.

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - persons, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Subject, together with its qualifier 'sapta'.

रत्नवन्तः (ratnavantaḥ) - possessing jewels, jewel-laden

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratnavat

ratnavat - possessing jewels, rich in jewels

Formed from 'ratna' (jewel) with possessive suffix '-vat'.

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣāḥ' and 'adrayaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अद्रयः (adrayaḥ) - mountains

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adri

adri - mountain, rock, cloud