महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-152, verse-11

धुर्ययोर्हययोरेकस्तथान्यौ पार्ष्णिसारथी ।
तौ चापि रथिनां श्रेष्ठौ रथी च हयवित्तथा ॥११॥

11. dhuryayorhayayorekastathānyau pārṣṇisārathī ,
tau cāpi rathināṁ śreṣṭhau rathī ca hayavittathā.

11. dhuryayoḥ hayayoḥ ekaḥ tathā anyau pārṣṇi-sārathī
tau ca api rathinām śreṣṭhau rathī ca hayavit tathā

11. ekaḥ dhuryayoḥ hayayoḥ tathā anyau pārṣṇi-sārathī ca tau
api rathinām śreṣṭhau (āsan) rathī ca tathā hayavit (āsan)

11. One charioteer was for the two lead horses, and likewise, two assistant charioteers were positioned at the rear. And those two assistant charioteers were also excellent among charioteers, and the main charioteer was likewise a knower of horses.

Words meanings summery:

• धुर्ययोः (dhuryayoḥ) - of the two principal horses (of the two principal/draft (animals))

• हययोः (hayayoḥ) - of the two horses

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one (main charioteer) (one)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

• अन्यौ (anyau) - the other two (assistant charioteers) (the other two)

• पार्ष्णि-सारथी (pārṣṇi-sārathī) - two assistant charioteers (positioned at the rear) (two charioteers at the heel/rear)

• तौ (tau) - those two (assistant charioteers) (those two)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• श्रेष्ठौ (śreṣṭhau) - most excellent, best (two)

• रथी (rathī) - the (main) charioteer (charioteer)

• च (ca) - and

• हयवित् (hayavit) - knower of horses, horse expert

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

Words meanings and morphology

धुर्ययोः (dhuryayoḥ) - of the two principal horses (of the two principal/draft (animals))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of dhurya

dhurya - fit for the yoke, yoked, chief, principal

Note: Qualifies 'hayayoḥ'.

हययोः (hayayoḥ) - of the two horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of haya

haya - horse, steed

From root 'hi' (to go, move quickly).

Root: hi (class 5)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one (main charioteer) (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Implied subject, referring to the chief charioteer.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction or adverb.

अन्यौ (anyau) - the other two (assistant charioteers) (the other two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Refers to two other individuals.

पार्ष्णि-सारथी (pārṣṇi-sārathī) - two assistant charioteers (positioned at the rear) (two charioteers at the heel/rear)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pārṣṇi-sārathi

pārṣṇi-sārathi - charioteer at the heel/rear, assistant charioteer

Compound type : tatpurusha (pārṣṇi+sārathi)

• pārṣṇi – heel, rear, back (of a chariot)
  noun (feminine)
• sārathi – charioteer, driver
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Subject in dual form.

तौ (tau) - those two (assistant charioteers) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the two 'pārṣṇi-sārathī'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing particle.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) with possessive suffix '-in'.

Note: Used in comparison 'best among'.

श्रेष्ठौ (śreṣṭhau) - most excellent, best (two)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, superior

Superlative degree of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy).

Note: Predicative adjective agreeing with 'tau'.

रथी (rathī) - the (main) charioteer (charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) with possessive suffix '-in'.

Note: Subject, referring to the chief charioteer ('ekaḥ').

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

हयवित् (hayavit) - knower of horses, horse expert

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hayavit

hayavit - knower of horses, horse expert

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+vid)

• haya – horse, steed
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'hi' (to go, move quickly).
  Root: hi (class 5)
• vid – knowing, knower
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicative noun/adjective agreeing with 'rathī'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction or adverb.