महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-152, verse-21

सेना पञ्चशतं नागा रथास्तावन्त एव च ।
दशसेना च पृतना पृतना दशवाहिनी ॥२१॥

21. senā pañcaśataṁ nāgā rathāstāvanta eva ca ,
daśasenā ca pṛtanā pṛtanā daśavāhinī.

21. senā pañcaśatam nāgāḥ rathāḥ tāvantaḥ eva
ca daśa-senā ca pṛtanā pṛtanā daśa-vāhinī

21. senā pañcaśatam nāgāḥ rathāḥ ca tāvantaḥ
eva daśa-senā ca pṛtanā pṛtanā daśa-vāhinī

21. A `senā` unit comprises five hundred elephants and an equal number of chariots. Furthermore, ten `senā`s constitute a `pṛtanā`, and a `pṛtanā` is composed of ten `vāhinī`s.

Words meanings summery:

• सेना (senā) - army, military force, troop, host

• पञ्चशतम् (pañcaśatam) - five hundred

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• तावन्तः (tāvantaḥ) - so many, as many, that many

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, exactly, only

• च (ca) - and, also, furthermore

• दश-सेना (daśa-senā) - ten `senā`s (an army unit consisting of ten senās)

• च (ca) - and, also, furthermore

• पृतना (pṛtanā) - military unit, army division, battle, host

• पृतना (pṛtanā) - military unit, army division, battle, host

• दश-वाहिनी (daśa-vāhinī) - ten `vāhinī`s (an army unit consisting of ten vāhinīs)

Words meanings and morphology

सेना (senā) - army, military force, troop, host

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, military force, troop, host

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is' or 'consists of'.

पञ्चशतम् (pañcaśatam) - five hundred

(numeral)

Compound type : dvigu (pañcan+śata)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Acts as a collective noun here.

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - elephant, serpent, cobra

Note: Refers to the count of elephants.

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Refers to the count of chariots.

तावन्तः (tāvantaḥ) - so many, as many, that many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvat

tāvat - so much, so many, so large

Note: Agreeing with rathāḥ, meaning 'that many' (referring to the five hundred).

एव (eva) - indeed, just, exactly, only

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, furthermore

(indeclinable)

दश-सेना (daśa-senā) - ten `senā`s (an army unit consisting of ten senās)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of daśa-senā

daśa-senā - a collection or unit of ten senās

Compound type : dvigu (daśan+senā)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• senā – army, military force
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'forms'.

च (ca) - and, also, furthermore

(indeclinable)

पृतना (pṛtanā) - military unit, army division, battle, host

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛtanā

pṛtanā - military unit, army division, battle, host

Note: Predicative nominative, defining what daśa-senā is.

पृतना (pṛtanā) - military unit, army division, battle, host

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛtanā

pṛtanā - military unit, army division, battle, host

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is composed of'.

दश-वाहिनी (daśa-vāhinī) - ten `vāhinī`s (an army unit consisting of ten vāhinīs)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of daśa-vāhinī

daśa-vāhinī - a collection or unit of ten vāhinīs

Compound type : dvigu (daśan+vāhinī)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• vāhinī – army division, military unit, host
  noun (feminine)

Note: Predicative nominative, defining what pṛtanā is in this context.