महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-152, verse-12

नगराणीव गुप्तानि दुरादेयानि शत्रुभिः ।
आसन्रथसहस्राणि हेममालीनि सर्वशः ॥१२॥

12. nagarāṇīva guptāni durādeyāni śatrubhiḥ ,
āsanrathasahasrāṇi hemamālīni sarvaśaḥ.

12. nagarāṇi iva guptāni durādeyāni śatrubhiḥ
āsan ratha-sahasrāṇi hema-mālīni sarvaśaḥ

12. sarvaśaḥ hema-mālīni ratha-sahasrāṇi nagarāṇi
iva śatrubhiḥ durādeyāni guptāni āsan

12. Thousands of chariots, adorned with gold garlands, were everywhere, protected like cities and difficult for enemies to conquer.

Words meanings summery:

• नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• गुप्तानि (guptāni) - protected, guarded

• दुरादेयानि (durādeyāni) - difficult to take/conquer

• शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

• आसन् (āsan) - there were, existed

• रथ-सहस्राणि (ratha-sahasrāṇi) - thousands of chariots

• हेम-मालीनि (hema-mālīni) - adorned with gold garlands

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, completely

Words meanings and morphology

नगराणि (nagarāṇi) - cities

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Used as a comparative element.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

गुप्तानि (guptāni) - protected, guarded

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of gupta

gupta - protected, guarded, hidden, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gup' (to protect, guard, conceal).

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ratha-sahasrāṇi'.

दुरादेयानि (durādeyāni) - difficult to take/conquer

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of durādeya

durādeya - difficult to take, difficult to conquer

Gerundive/Passive Future Participle

Compound of prefix 'dur' (difficult) and 'ādeya' (to be taken), which is from root 'dā' (to take) with prefix 'ā'.

Compound type : praadi-tatpurusha (dur+ādeya)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  prefix/indeclinable
• ādeya – to be taken, receivable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Passive Future Participle
  From root 'dā' (to take) with prefix 'ā' and suffix '-eya'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ratha-sahasrāṇi'.

शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by enemies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Root: śat (class 10)

Note: Agent for 'durādeyāni'.

आसन् (āsan) - there were, existed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, third person plural

Root 'as' (to be) is of class 2.

Root: as (class 2)

रथ-सहस्राणि (ratha-sahasrāṇi) - thousands of chariots

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of ratha-sahasra

ratha-sahasra - thousand of chariots

Compound type : dvigu (ratha+sahasra)

• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral/noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'āsan'.

हेम-मालीनि (hema-mālīni) - adorned with gold garlands

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of hema-mālin

hema-mālin - adorned with gold garlands, having golden wreaths

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hema+mālin)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• mālin – wearing a garland, adorned with flowers/wreaths
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  From 'mālā' (garland) with possessive suffix '-in'.

Note: Agrees with 'ratha-sahasrāṇi'.

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - everywhere, completely

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with suffix '-śaḥ'.

Note: Adverbial.