महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-152, verse-19

रथस्यासन्दश गजा गजस्य दश वाजिनः ।
नरा दश हयस्यासन्पादरक्षाः समन्ततः ॥१९॥

19. rathasyāsandaśa gajā gajasya daśa vājinaḥ ,
narā daśa hayasyāsanpādarakṣāḥ samantataḥ.

19. rathasya āsan daśa gajāḥ gajasya daśa vājinaḥ
narāḥ daśa hayasya āsan pādarākṣāḥ samantataḥ

19. rathasya daśa gajāḥ āsan gajasya daśa vājinaḥ
hayasya daśa narāḥ pādarākṣāḥ samantataḥ āsan

19. Ten elephants were assigned to a single chariot. For each elephant, there were ten horses. And for each horse, there were ten men serving as foot guards (pādarākṣāḥ) on all sides.

Words meanings summery:

• रथस्य (rathasya) - of a chariot, for a chariot

• आसन् (āsan) - there were, they were, they existed

• दश (daśa) - ten

• गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

• गजस्य (gajasya) - of an elephant, for an elephant

• दश (daśa) - ten

• वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, people, males

• दश (daśa) - ten

• हयस्य (hayasya) - of a horse, for a horse

• आसन् (āsan) - there were, they were, they existed

• पादराक्षाः (pādarākṣāḥ) - foot guards, protectors of feet

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - on all sides, all around, completely

Words meanings and morphology

रथस्य (rathasya) - of a chariot, for a chariot

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Indicates relation or assignment.

आसन् (āsan) - there were, they were, they existed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect active

Root as (class 2), 3rd person plural, imperfect active, parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

गजाः (gajāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

गजस्य (gajasya) - of an elephant, for an elephant

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Indicates relation or assignment.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - horse, swift, strong

Note: Subject of the implied verb.

नराः (narāḥ) - men, people, males

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human, person, male

Note: Subject of the verb āsan.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

हयस्य (hayasya) - of a horse, for a horse

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of haya

haya - horse

Note: Indicates relation or assignment.

आसन् (āsan) - there were, they were, they existed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect active

Root as (class 2), 3rd person plural, imperfect active, parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

पादराक्षाः (pādarākṣāḥ) - foot guards, protectors of feet

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pādarākṣa

pādarākṣa - foot guard, protector of feet, infantryman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāda+rakṣa)

• pāda – foot, leg, quarter
  noun (masculine)
• rakṣa – guard, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root rakṣ (to protect).
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative nominative referring to narāḥ.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - on all sides, all around, completely

(indeclinable)