महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-125, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
श्रुत्वा दुर्योधनो वाक्यमप्रियं कुरुसंसदि ।
प्रत्युवाच महाबाहुं वासुदेवं यशस्विनम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śrutvā duryodhano vākyamapriyaṁ kurusaṁsadi ,
pratyuvāca mahābāhuṁ vāsudevaṁ yaśasvinam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca śrutvā duryodhanaḥ vākyam apriyam
kurusaṃsadi pratyuvāca mahābāhum vāsudevam yaśasvinam

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard the unpleasant speech in the assembly of the Kurus (kurusaṃsadi), Duryodhana replied to the mighty-armed, glorious Vāsudeva.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, statement

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

• कुरुसंसदि (kurusaṁsadi) - in the assembly of the Kurus

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, spoke back

• महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - referring to Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) (to the mighty-armed one, to the one with great arms)

• वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - referring to Kṛṣṇa (to Vāsudeva)

• यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - referring to Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) (to the glorious one, to the renowned one)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of Mahābhārata

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Root vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root śru with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, chief of the Kauravas

Compound: dur (bad, difficult) + yodhana (fighter). "Difficult to conquer".

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'pratyuvāca'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From vāc (speech).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, not dear

Negative prefix a- + priya (dear, pleasant).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

कुरुसंसदि (kurusaṁsadi) - in the assembly of the Kurus

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kurusaṃsad

kurusaṁsad - assembly of the Kurus

Compound of kuru (Kuru dynasty) and saṃsad (assembly).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+saṃsad)

• kuru – name of an ancient king and his dynasty; the Kurus
  proper noun (masculine)
• saṃsad – assembly, council, convention
  noun (feminine)
  From root sad (to sit) with prefix sam (together).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, spoke back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prativac

Perfect tense

From root vac (to speak) with prefix prati (back, against).

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

महाबाहुम् (mahābāhum) - referring to Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) (to the mighty-armed one, to the one with great arms)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed, a hero

Compound of mahā (great) and bāhu (arm).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vāsudevam'.

वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - referring to Kṛṣṇa (to Vāsudeva)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Son of Vasudeva; an epithet of Kṛṣṇa

Patronical derivative from Vasudeva.

Note: Object of 'pratyuvāca'.

यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - referring to Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) (to the glorious one, to the renowned one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned, celebrated

Derived from yaśas (fame, glory) with suffix -vin.

Note: Agrees with 'vāsudevam'.