महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-125, verse-12

न चापि वयमुग्रेण कर्मणा वचनेन वा ।
वित्रस्ताः प्रणमामेह भयादपि शतक्रतोः ॥१२॥

12. na cāpi vayamugreṇa karmaṇā vacanena vā ,
vitrastāḥ praṇamāmeha bhayādapi śatakratoḥ.

12. na ca api vayam ugreṇa karmaṇā vacanena vā
vitrastāḥ praṇamāma iha bhayāt api śatakratoḥ

12. Nor would we, even if terrified by a dreadful deed (karma) or utterance, bow down here, not even out of fear of Indra (Śatakratu).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - nor (and, also)

• अपि (api) - indeed (also, even, moreover)

• वयम् (vayam) - we (the Dhārtarāṣṭras) (we)

• उग्रेण (ugreṇa) - by a dreadful (by fierce, by dreadful)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by a deed (karma) (by action, by deed)

• वचनेन (vacanena) - by an utterance (by word, by speech)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified (we) (frightened, terrified)

• प्रणमाम (praṇamāma) - we would bow down (we bow down)

• इह (iha) - here (in this world) (here, in this world)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - out of fear (from fear)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

• शतक्रतोः (śatakratoḥ) - of Indra (Śatakratu) (of one who performs a hundred sacrifices, of Indra)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - nor (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - indeed (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here intensifies the negation.

वयम् (vayam) - we (the Dhārtarāṣṭras) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'praṇamāma'.

उग्रेण (ugreṇa) - by a dreadful (by fierce, by dreadful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, dreadful, severe, cruel

Note: Qualifies 'karmaṇā'.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by a deed (karma) (by action, by deed)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वचनेन (vacanena) - by an utterance (by word, by speech)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, speech, utterance

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified (we) (frightened, terrified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitrasta

vitrasta - frightened, terrified, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root tras (to tremble, to be afraid) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'vayam'.

प्रणमाम (praṇamāma) - we would bow down (we bow down)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of praṇam

Root nam (to bow) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: The speaker expresses a strong resolve in the present tense, implying a hypothetical future.

इह (iha) - here (in this world) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

भयात् (bhayāt) - out of fear (from fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'bhayāt'.

शतक्रतोः (śatakratoḥ) - of Indra (Śatakratu) (of one who performs a hundred sacrifices, of Indra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śatakratu

śatakratu - Indra (lit. 'possessing a hundred powers' or 'performing a hundred sacrifices')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śata+kratu)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• kratu – power, sacrifice, determination
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the god Indra.