महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-125, verse-18

कश्च जातु कुले जातः क्षत्रधर्मेण वर्तयन् ।
भयाद्वृत्तिं समीक्ष्यैवं प्रणमेदिह कस्यचित् ॥१८॥

18. kaśca jātu kule jātaḥ kṣatradharmeṇa vartayan ,
bhayādvṛttiṁ samīkṣyaivaṁ praṇamediha kasyacit.

18. kaḥ ca jātu kule jātaḥ kṣatradharmeṇa vartayan
bhayāt vṛttim samīkṣya evam praṇamet iha kasyacit

18. And who, indeed, born in a noble family and upholding the natural law (kṣatradharma) of a warrior, would ever bow to anyone here out of fear, considering (such) a livelihood?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• च (ca) - and

• जातु (jātu) - adds emphasis to the rhetorical question: 'who ever would?' (ever, at any time, indeed)

• कुले (kule) - in a noble or respectable family/lineage (as implied for a Kṣatriya) (in a family, in a lineage)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born into (a family) (born, produced, arisen)

• क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - in accordance with the prescribed duty (dharma) for a warrior class (by the warrior's natural law, by the duty of a Kṣatriya)

• वर्तयन् (vartayan) - upholding, leading one's life according to (the kṣatradharma) (causing to exist, maintaining, living, acting)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - a means of livelihood (obtained by submission) (livelihood, subsistence, course of action)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - considering (the option of such a livelihood) (having seen, having perceived, having considered)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, such

• प्रणमेत् (praṇamet) - would submit or surrender (would bow down, would salute, would prostrate)

• इह (iha) - here (in this situation/world) (here, in this world, in this case)

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, to anyone

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

interrogative pronoun

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

जातु (jātu) - adds emphasis to the rhetorical question: 'who ever would?' (ever, at any time, indeed)

(indeclinable)

कुले (kule) - in a noble or respectable family/lineage (as implied for a Kṣatriya) (in a family, in a lineage)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, noble stock

जातः (jātaḥ) - born into (a family) (born, produced, arisen)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

from √jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `kaḥ` (who).

क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - in accordance with the prescribed duty (dharma) for a warrior class (by the warrior's natural law, by the duty of a Kṣatriya)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - warrior's natural law, Kṣatriya's duty, military code of conduct

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior class, dominion, power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṣi
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution, sacred law
  noun (masculine)
  from √dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

वर्तयन् (vartayan) - upholding, leading one's life according to (the kṣatradharma) (causing to exist, maintaining, living, acting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartayat

vartayat - maintaining, causing to exist, living, acting, performing

Present Active Participle (causative)

from causative of √vṛt (to exist, to turn)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `kaḥ`.

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

from √bhī

Root: bhī (class 3)

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - a means of livelihood (obtained by submission) (livelihood, subsistence, course of action)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, subsistence, mode of life, course of action

from √vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - considering (the option of such a livelihood) (having seen, having perceived, having considered)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from sam + √īkṣ (to see, perceive)

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, such

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies `vṛttim samīkṣya` (considering such a livelihood).

प्रणमेत् (praṇamet) - would submit or surrender (would bow down, would salute, would prostrate)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of praṇam

optative mood

from pra + √nam

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Subject is `kaḥ` (who).

इह (iha) - here (in this situation/world) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - of anyone, to anyone

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, anything

from kim + cit, indefinite pronoun

Note: Functions as a dative 'to anyone' in this context with `praṇamet`.