महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-125, verse-10

केन चाप्यपवादेन विरुध्यन्तेऽरिभिः सह ।
अशक्ताः पाण्डवाः कृष्ण प्रहृष्टाः प्रत्यमित्रवत् ॥१०॥

10. kena cāpyapavādena virudhyante'ribhiḥ saha ,
aśaktāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ kṛṣṇa prahṛṣṭāḥ pratyamitravat.

10. kena ca api apavādena virudhyante aribhiḥ saha
aśaktāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ kṛṣṇa prahṛṣṭāḥ pratyamitravat

10. O Krishna, by what pretext do these powerless Pandavas engage in hostility with their adversaries? They are joyful, acting like adversaries.

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by what (pretext) (by what, by whom)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

• अपवादेन (apavādena) - by what pretext (by accusation, by blame, by pretext)

• विरुध्यन्ते (virudhyante) - they engage in hostility (they contend, they are opposed, they are at odds)

• अरिभिः (aribhiḥ) - with adversaries (by enemies)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

• अशक्ताः (aśaktāḥ) - powerless (lacking strength/resources) (powerless, weak, unable)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas (the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pandavas)

• कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna (O Krishna (epithet of Vishnu/Krishna))

• प्रहृष्टाः (prahṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, cheerful (delighted, joyful, cheerful)

• प्रत्यमित्रवत् (pratyamitravat) - like adversaries (like an enemy, like an adversary)

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by what (pretext) (by what, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

Interrogative pronoun.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अपवादेन (apavādena) - by what pretext (by accusation, by blame, by pretext)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of apavāda

apavāda - blame, reproach, accusation, exception, pretext

From apa-vad (to speak against, to blame).

Prefix: apa

Root: vad (class 1)

विरुध्यन्ते (virudhyante) - they engage in hostility (they contend, they are opposed, they are at odds)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of virudh

Present, Middle voice (Ātmanepada), 3rd person plural

From root rudh (to obstruct, hinder) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: rudh (class 7)

अरिभिः (aribhiḥ) - with adversaries (by enemies)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ari

ari - enemy, foe, opponent

Root: ar (class 1)

Note: Used with saha to mean 'with enemies'.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb governing instrumental.

अशक्ताः (aśaktāḥ) - powerless (lacking strength/resources) (powerless, weak, unable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśakta

aśakta - powerless, incapable, unable, weak

Past Passive Participle (of śak) + negative a.

From a (not) + śakta (able).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śakta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śakta – able, capable, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śak
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Describes the Pandavas.

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pandavas (the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pandavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of the first clause, and also modified by aśaktāḥ and prahṛṣṭāḥ.

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna (O Krishna (epithet of Vishnu/Krishna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - dark, black, Krishna (name of deity)

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The person being addressed.

प्रहृष्टाः (prahṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, cheerful (delighted, joyful, cheerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, very glad, cheerful

Past Passive Participle

From pra-hṛṣ (to be delighted, to rejoice).

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Describes the state of the Pandavas.

प्रत्यमित्रवत् (pratyamitravat) - like adversaries (like an enemy, like an adversary)

(indeclinable)

From pratyamitra (enemy, adversary) + vat (like, as).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pratyamitra+vat)

• pratyamitra – enemy, adversary
  noun (masculine)
  From prati (against) + amitra (friend, foe)
  Prefix: prati
• vat – like, as, in the manner of
  indeclinable
  Suffix indicating similarity

Note: Describes how they are joyful/acting.