महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-123, verse-9

अथ द्रोणोऽब्रवीत्तत्र दुर्योधनमिदं वचः ।
अमर्षवशमापन्नं निःश्वसन्तं पुनः पुनः ॥९॥

9. atha droṇo'bravīttatra duryodhanamidaṁ vacaḥ ,
amarṣavaśamāpannaṁ niḥśvasantaṁ punaḥ punaḥ.

9. atha droṇaḥ abravīt tatra duryodhanam idam vacaḥ
amarṣa-vaśam āpannam niḥśvasantam punaḥ punaḥ

9. Then Drona spoke these words there to Duryodhana, who was overwhelmed by indignation and repeatedly sighing.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that place/circumstance

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

• अमर्ष-वशम् (amarṣa-vaśam) - control of indignation, sway of wrath

• आपन्नम् (āpannam) - having attained, fallen into, overcome

• निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - sighing, breathing out

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the teacher of Kauravas and Pandavas)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense

Imperfect 3rd person singular, with augment 'a-' and root 'brū' (irregular).

Root: brū (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, then, in that place/circumstance

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from pronominal stem 'tad'.

Note: Adverb of place or time.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Direct object of 'abravīt'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Adjectival pronoun modifying 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, statement, utterance

s-stem neuter noun. From root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'abravīt'.

अमर्ष-वशम् (amarṣa-vaśam) - control of indignation, sway of wrath

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣa-vaśa

amarṣa-vaśa - control of indignation/wrath, under the sway of anger

Compound: 'amarṣa' (indignation) + 'vaśa' (control, sway).

Compound type : tatpurusha (amarṣa+vaśa)

• amarṣa – indignation, impatience, wrath, intolerance
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'mṛṣ' (to bear) with negative prefix 'a-'.
  Prefix: a
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)
• vaśa – will, power, control, sway, submission
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vaś' (to wish, desire).
  Root: vaś (class 10)

Note: Object of 'āpannam', meaning 'having attained the sway of indignation'.

आपन्नम् (āpannam) - having attained, fallen into, overcome

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - attained, reached, fallen into, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pad' (to go, fall) with prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'duryodhanam'.

निःश्वसन्तम् (niḥśvasantam) - sighing, breathing out

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - sighing, breathing out

Present Active Participle

From root 'śvas' (to breathe) with prefix 'niḥ-'.

Prefix: niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'duryodhanam'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the repetition 'punaḥ punaḥ'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of the repetition 'punaḥ punaḥ'.