महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-123, verse-8

मा कुलघ्नोऽन्तपुरुषो दुर्मतिः कापथं गमः ।
पितरं मातरं चैव वृद्धौ शोकाय मा ददः ॥८॥

8. mā kulaghno'ntapuruṣo durmatiḥ kāpathaṁ gamaḥ ,
pitaraṁ mātaraṁ caiva vṛddhau śokāya mā dadaḥ.

8. mā kulaghnaḥ anta-puruṣaḥ durmatiḥ kāpatham gamaḥ
pitaram mātaram ca eva vṛddhau śokāya mā dadaḥ

8. O you who are vile, ill-minded, and a destroyer of your family, do not tread the wrong path. Do not subject your aged father and mother to sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• कुलघ्नः (kulaghnaḥ) - destroyer of family, annihilator of race/lineage

• अन्त-पुरुषः (anta-puruṣaḥ) - lowest man, mean person, vile person

• दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - ill-minded, foolish, evil-minded

• कापथम् (kāpatham) - wrong path, evil path

• गमः (gamaḥ) - you should go, go

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father

• मातरम् (mātaram) - mother

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - your aged father and mother (to the two aged ones, to the elders)

• शोकाय (śokāya) - for sorrow, to sorrow

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• ददः (dadaḥ) - you should give/place/abandon

Words meanings and morphology

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

Note: Prohibitive particle used with injunctive.

कुलघ्नः (kulaghnaḥ) - destroyer of family, annihilator of race/lineage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kulaghna

kulaghna - destroyer of family, annihilator of race

Agent noun from 'kula' and root 'han' (to strike/kill) with suffix 'ḍa' (ghna).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kula+ghna)

• kula – family, race, lineage, clan
  noun (neuter)
• ghna – killing, destroying, killer, destroyer
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'han' (to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the person being addressed.

अन्त-पुरुषः (anta-puruṣaḥ) - lowest man, mean person, vile person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anta-puruṣa

anta-puruṣa - lowest person, mean person, vile person

Compound type : tatpurusha (anta+puruṣa)

• anta – end, limit, lowest, vilest
  noun (masculine)
• puruṣa – man, person, human being, the Supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ

Note: Vocative sense, addressed to the listener.

दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - ill-minded, foolish, evil-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - ill-minded, foolish, evil-minded; bad intention/thought

Compound with prefix 'dur-' (bad, difficult) and 'mati' (mind, intellect).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, intention
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'man' (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'kulaghnaḥ anta-puruṣaḥ'.

कापथम् (kāpatham) - wrong path, evil path

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāpatha

kāpatha - wrong path, bad road, evil course

Compound of 'ka' (bad, evil) and 'patha' (path).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ka+patha)

• ka – bad, evil, contemptible
  indeclinable
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)
  Root: path

Note: Object of 'gamaḥ'.

गमः (gamaḥ) - you should go, go

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, injunctive (prohibitive) (luṅ) of gam

Injunctive (prohibitive)

Aorist injunctive 2nd person singular. Form 'gam' + 's' (aorist sign) + 's' (personal ending) -> 'gamaḥ' (after augment 'a' and s-aorist rules, with 'mā' indicating prohibitive).

Root: gam (class 1)

पितरम् (pitaram) - father

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: One of the objects of 'dadaḥ'.

मातरम् (mātaram) - mother

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: One of the objects of 'dadaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction. Placed after the word it connects.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - your aged father and mother (to the two aged ones, to the elders)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'pitaram' and 'mātaram'. Dual accusative case.

शोकाय (śokāya) - for sorrow, to sorrow

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

From root 'śuc' (to mourn, grieve).

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose or destination: 'for sorrow'.

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

Note: Prohibitive particle used with injunctive.

ददः (dadaḥ) - you should give/place/abandon

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, injunctive (prohibitive) (luṅ) of dā

Injunctive (prohibitive)

Root 'dā' (to give/place), injunctive aorist 2nd person singular.

Root: dā (class 3)