महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-123, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः शांतनवो भीष्मो दुर्योधनममर्षणम् ।
केशवस्य वचः श्रुत्वा प्रोवाच भरतर्षभ ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tataḥ śāṁtanavo bhīṣmo duryodhanamamarṣaṇam ,
keśavasya vacaḥ śrutvā provāca bharatarṣabha.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tataḥ śāṃtanavaḥ bhīṣmaḥ duryodhanam
amarṣaṇam keśavasya vacaḥ śrutvā provāca bharatarṣabha

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, Bhīṣma, the son of Śāntanu, having heard the words of Keśava (Kṛṣṇa), spoke to the intolerant Duryodhana, O best of Bharatas.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - son of Śāntanu

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana

• अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - intolerant, impatient, wrathful, unforbearing

• केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Keśava, of Kṛṣṇa

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, advice

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas (addressed to Janamejaya, the listener) (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect 3rd singular active, from √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

शांतनवः (śāṁtanavaḥ) - son of Śāntanu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāṃtanava

śāṁtanava - son of Śāntanu, Bhīṣma

derived from Śāntanu

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru elder), terrible, formidable

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava), hard to fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of the verb `provāca` (spoke to).

अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - intolerant, impatient, wrathful, unforbearing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - intolerant, impatient, wrathful

formed from a- + √mṛṣ

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `duryodhanam`.

केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Keśava, of Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa), having beautiful hair

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, advice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, advice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

formed from √śru + tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pravac

Perfect Tense

Perfect 3rd singular active, from pra-√vac

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharatas (addressed to Janamejaya, the listener) (O best of Bharatas)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient king
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)