महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-123, verse-23

दुर्योधन निबोधेदं शौरिणोक्तं महात्मना ।
आदत्स्व शिवमत्यन्तं योगक्षेमवदव्ययम् ॥२३॥

23. duryodhana nibodhedaṁ śauriṇoktaṁ mahātmanā ,
ādatsva śivamatyantaṁ yogakṣemavadavyayam.

23. duryodhana nibodha idam śauriṇā uktam mahātmanā
ādatva śivam atyantam yogakṣemavat avyayam

23. O Duryodhana, understand this, which was spoken by the great-souled one (mahātman) Shauri (Krishna). Accept the ultimate welfare, which ensures both gain and security (yogakṣema) and is imperishable.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive

• इदम् (idam) - this

• शौरिणा (śauriṇā) - by Shauri (Krishna)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

• आदत्व (ādatva) - accept, take up

• शिवम् (śivam) - welfare, auspiciousness, good

• अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - ultimate, excellent, very, exceedingly

• योगक्षेमवत् (yogakṣemavat) - possessing gain and security, leading to welfare

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - 'difficult to fight with', name of the eldest son of Dhritarashtra

Compound of 'dur' (difficult) and 'yodhana' (fighting).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yudh' (to fight) + 'ana' suffix.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative Mood, Active Voice

From root 'budh' (to know) with prefix 'ni'. 2nd person singular, parasmaipada imperative.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, referring to something present or about to be mentioned

Neuter singular accusative form of 'idam'.

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.

शौरिणा (śauriṇā) - by Shauri (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śauri

śauri - descendent of Śūra, an epithet of Krishna

From 'Śūra' (father of Vasudeva, Krishna's grandfather).

Note: Agent of 'uktam'.

उक्तम् (uktam) - said, spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, expressed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vac' (to speak) + 'kta' suffix. The root 'vac' changes to 'uc' and then 'uk'.

Root: vac (class 2)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, highly endowed with spirit, magnanimous

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ātman' (self, soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From 'mahat' (great).
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'śauriṇā'.

आदत्व (ādatva) - accept, take up

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ādā

Imperative Mood, Middle Voice

From root 'dā' (to give/take) with prefix 'ā'. 2nd person singular, ātmanepada imperative. Note that `ādā` means to take, which is distinct from `dā` meaning to give.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

शिवम् (śivam) - welfare, auspiciousness, good

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiva

śiva - auspicious, propitious, benevolent, welfare, happiness

Note: Object of 'ādatva'.

अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) - ultimate, excellent, very, exceedingly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atyanta

atyanta - exceeding, excessive, absolute, complete, excellent, ultimate

Compound of 'ati' (beyond, over) and 'anta' (end, limit).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+anta)

• ati – beyond, over, excessively
  indeclinable
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'śivam'.

योगक्षेमवत् (yogakṣemavat) - possessing gain and security, leading to welfare

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yogakṣemavat

yogakṣemavat - having (or related to) gain and security, ensuring prosperity

From 'yogakṣema' (compound noun) + 'vat' (possessive suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yoga+kṣema+vat)

• yoga – union, connection, effort, acquisition, spiritual discipline (yoga)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yuj' (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• kṣema – security, welfare, well-being, tranquility
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṣi' (to dwell, to possess, to preserve).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• vat – possessing, like, similar to
  suffix
  A possessive suffix indicating 'having' or 'possessing'.

Note: Agrees with 'śivam'.

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, undecaying, unchangeable, indeclinable (grammatical term)

Compound of 'a-' (negation) and 'vyaya' (expenditure, decay).

Compound type : negative tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• vyaya – expenditure, loss, decay, consumption
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi' + 'i' (to go) + 'a' suffix. 'vi-i' becomes 'vyaya'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'śivam'.