महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-61, verse-6

स तान्यनीकानि निवर्तमानान्यालोक्य पूर्णौघनिभानि पार्थः ।
हंसो यथा मेघमिवापतन्तं धनंजयः प्रत्यपतत्तरस्वी ॥६॥

6. sa tānyanīkāni nivartamānā;nyālokya pūrṇaughanibhāni pārthaḥ ,
haṁso yathā meghamivāpatantaṁ; dhanaṁjayaḥ pratyapatattarasvī.

6. saḥ tāni anīkāni nivartamānāni
ālokya pūrṇaughanibhāni pārthaḥ
haṃsaḥ yathā megham iva āpatantam
dhanaṁjayaḥ pratyapatat tarasvī

6. Arjuna (Pārtha), upon seeing those returning armies, which resembled a surging flood, then, powerful and swift, counter-attacked them, just as a swan would attack an approaching cloud.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• तानि (tāni) - those (armies) (those)

• अनीकानि (anīkāni) - the enemy armies that were turning back (armies, troops, forces)

• निवर्तमानानि (nivartamānāni) - the armies that were retreating (returning, turning back, retreating)

• आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, perceiving, having observed

• पूर्णौघनिभानि (pūrṇaughanibhāni) - the armies, appearing like a powerful, surging flood (resembling a full flood/torrent)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā)

• हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - a swan, used in a simile for swiftness and purity (swan, goose)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

• मेघम् (megham) - cloud

• इव (iva) - as if, like (like, as if, as)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - the cloud, as it approaches (falling upon, approaching, descending)

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna, who is also known as Dhananjaya (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

• प्रत्यपतत् (pratyapatat) - he counter-attacked, fell upon, flew towards

• तरस्वी (tarasvī) - Arjuna, being powerful and swift in his action (swift, energetic, powerful, impetuous)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तानि (tāni) - those (armies) (those)

(pronoun)

neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Here, accusative plural modifying 'anīkāni'.

अनीकानि (anīkāni) - the enemy armies that were turning back (armies, troops, forces)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, troop, array

Note: Object of 'ālokya'.

निवर्तमानानि (nivartamānāni) - the armies that were retreating (returning, turning back, retreating)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nivartamāna

nivartamāna - returning, turning back, retreating

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni'; present middle participle, declines like a noun

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

आलोक्य (ālokya) - having seen, perceiving, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'lok' with prefix 'ā' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 10)

पूर्णौघनिभानि (pūrṇaughanibhāni) - the armies, appearing like a powerful, surging flood (resembling a full flood/torrent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pūrṇaughanibha

pūrṇaughanibha - resembling a full flood/torrent

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrṇa+ogha+nibha)

• pūrṇa – full, complete, filled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'pūr' with suffix '-ṇa'
  Root: pūr (class 10)
• ogha – flood, torrent, stream, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• nibha – like, resembling, similar to
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'anīkāni'.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); a name for Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima

Derived from Pṛthā with suffix '-a'

हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - a swan, used in a simile for swiftness and purity (swan, goose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose, flamingo, a spiritual teacher, the soul (ātman)

Note: Used as part of a simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a simile.

मेघम् (megham) - cloud

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of megha

megha - cloud

Note: Object in the simile.

इव (iva) - as if, like (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - the cloud, as it approaches (falling upon, approaching, descending)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - falling upon, approaching, descending, attacking

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pat' with prefix 'ā'; present active participle

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'megham'.

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna, who is also known as Dhananjaya (Arjuna (conqueror of wealth))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṁjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth (epithet of Arjuna); fire; a specific snake

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa / upapada (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

प्रत्यपतत् (pratyapatat) - he counter-attacked, fell upon, flew towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyapat

Imperfect

From root 'pat' (1st class) with prefixes 'prati' and 'ā'; 3rd person singular active imperfect

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: pat (class 1)

तरस्वी (tarasvī) - Arjuna, being powerful and swift in his action (swift, energetic, powerful, impetuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tarasvin

tarasvin - swift, energetic, powerful, quick, impetuous

Derived from 'taras' (speed, force) with suffix '-vin'

Note: Adjective describing Dhananjaya.