महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-61, verse-4

भीष्मस्ततः शांतनवो निवृत्य हिरण्यकक्ष्यांस्त्वरयंस्तुरंगान् ।
दुर्योधनं पश्चिमतोऽभ्यरक्षत्पार्थान्महाबाहुरधिज्यधन्वा ॥४॥

4. bhīṣmastataḥ śāṁtanavo nivṛtya; hiraṇyakakṣyāṁstvarayaṁsturaṁgān ,
duryodhanaṁ paścimato'bhyarakṣa;tpārthānmahābāhuradhijyadhanvā.

4. bhīṣmaḥ tataḥ śāntanavaḥ nivṛtya
hiraṇyakakṣyān tvarayan turaṅgān
duryodhanam paścimataḥ abhyarakṣat
pārthān mahābāhuḥ adhijyadhanvā

4. Then, Bhishma, the son of Shantanu, having turned his gold-trapped horses, quickly protected Duryodhana from Arjuna (Pārtha) from the west. He was mighty-armed and had his bow strung.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - the venerable warrior Bhishma, son of Shantanu (Bhishma)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, at that moment (then, thereafter, from there)

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma, as the son of King Shantanu (son of Shantanu)

• निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

• हिरण्यकक्ष्यान् (hiraṇyakakṣyān) - horses adorned with golden girths/trappings (gold-trapped, gold-caparisoned)

• त्वरयन् (tvarayan) - urging his horses on (urging on, hastening, accelerating)

• तुरङ्गान् (turaṅgān) - horses

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - King Duryodhana, leader of the Kauravas (Duryodhana)

• पश्चिमतः (paścimataḥ) - from the western side of the battlefield, or from behind Duryodhana's position (from the west, from behind)

• अभ्यरक्षत् (abhyarakṣat) - protected, defended

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pāṇḍavas, especially Arjuna, who was attacking (the sons of Pṛthā; Arjuna or other Pāṇḍavas)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Bhishma, known for his powerful arms and prowess (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

• अधिज्यधन्वा (adhijyadhanvā) - Bhishma, prepared for battle with his bow ready (with strung bow, having a bow strung)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - the venerable warrior Bhishma, son of Shantanu (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata); terrible, formidable

ततः (tataḥ) - then, at that moment (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'tad' with suffix '-tas'

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma, as the son of King Shantanu (son of Shantanu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Shantanu (especially Bhishma)

Derived from 'śantanu' with vṛddhi

निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

हिरण्यकक्ष्यान् (hiraṇyakakṣyān) - horses adorned with golden girths/trappings (gold-trapped, gold-caparisoned)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hiraṇyakakṣya

hiraṇyakakṣya - having golden girths/trappings, gold-caparisoned

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hiraṇya+kakṣya)

• hiraṇya – gold
  noun (neuter)
• kakṣya – girth, strap, girdle, anything worn around the waist or body
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'turaṅgān'

त्वरयन् (tvarayan) - urging his horses on (urging on, hastening, accelerating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarayat

tvarayat - hastening, urging on, speeding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'tvar' (1st class) with present participle suffix '-at'

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifies Bhishma (implied nominative singular masculine)

तुरङ्गान् (turaṅgān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of turaṅga

turaṅga - horse, steed

Note: Object of 'tvarayan'

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - King Duryodhana, leader of the Kauravas (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

Note: Object of 'abhyarakṣat'

पश्चिमतः (paścimataḥ) - from the western side of the battlefield, or from behind Duryodhana's position (from the west, from behind)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'paścima' (west) with suffix '-tas'

Note: Indicates direction/position of protection

अभ्यरक्षत् (abhyarakṣat) - protected, defended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of rakṣ

Imperfect

From root 'rakṣ' (1st class) with prefix 'abhi'; 3rd person singular active imperfect

Prefix: abhi

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pāṇḍavas, especially Arjuna, who was attacking (the sons of Pṛthā; Arjuna or other Pāṇḍavas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); a name for Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima

Derived from Pṛthā with suffix '-a'

Note: Used here with a verb of protection, implying 'from the Pārthas'.

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Bhishma, known for his powerful arms and prowess (mighty-armed, strong-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed (epithet for heroes)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective describing Bhishma

अधिज्यधन्वा (adhijyadhanvā) - Bhishma, prepared for battle with his bow ready (with strung bow, having a bow strung)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhijyadhanvan

adhijyadhanvan - one whose bow is strung, having a strung bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adhijya+dhanvan)

• adhijya – strung (referring to a bowstring)
  adjective
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective describing Bhishma