महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-61, verse-3

तं प्रेक्ष्य कर्णः परिवर्तमानं निवर्त्य संस्तभ्य च विद्धगात्रः ।
दुर्योधनं दक्षिणतोऽभ्यगच्छत्पार्थं नृवीरो युधि हेममाली ॥३॥

3. taṁ prekṣya karṇaḥ parivartamānaṁ; nivartya saṁstabhya ca viddhagātraḥ ,
duryodhanaṁ dakṣiṇato'bhyagaccha;tpārthaṁ nṛvīro yudhi hemamālī.

3. tam prekṣya karṇaḥ parivartamānam
nivartya saṃstabya ca viddhagātraḥ
duryodhanaṃ dakṣiṇataḥ abhyagacchat
pārtham nṛvīraḥ yudhi hemamālī

3. Upon seeing him (Duryodhana) turning around, Karṇa, a hero among men wearing a golden garland, and having a wounded body, halted and steadied himself. Then he approached Duryodhana from the right side, [ready to face] Pārtha in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Duryodhana. (him, that)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having perceived

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

• परिवर्तमानम् (parivartamānam) - Refers to Duryodhana, who was turning around. (turning around, revolving)

• निवर्त्य (nivartya) - Karṇa himself halted. (having turned back, having stopped)

• संस्तब्य (saṁstabya) - Karṇa steadied himself. (having steadied, having held firm)

• च (ca) - Connects the two absolutive actions. (and)

• विद्धगात्रः (viddhagātraḥ) - Describes Karṇa's state. (having a pierced/wounded body)

• दुर्योधनं (duryodhanaṁ) - Object of 'abhyagacchat'. (Duryodhana (proper name))

• दक्षिणतः (dakṣiṇataḥ) - Refers to the right side of Duryodhana. (from the right, to the right)

• अभ्यगच्छत् (abhyagacchat) - Karṇa approached Duryodhana. (approached, went towards)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Here, referring to Arjuna as Karṇa's typical adversary or focus in battle. (Pārtha (Arjuna))

• नृवीरः (nṛvīraḥ) - Epithet for Karṇa. (hero among men)

• युधि (yudhi) - Refers to the context of Karṇa facing Pārtha. (in battle, in war)

• हेममाली (hemamālī) - Epithet for Karṇa. (wearing a golden garland)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to Duryodhana. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with prefix 'pra', using 'lyaP' suffix due to prefix.

Prefix: pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates action completed before the main verb.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (son of Sūrya and Kuntī, a great warrior)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

परिवर्तमानम् (parivartamānam) - Refers to Duryodhana, who was turning around. (turning around, revolving)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parivartamāna

parivartamāna - turning around, revolving, changing

Present Middle Participle

From root 'vṛt' (to turn) with prefix 'pari', in middle voice, 'māna' suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (Duryodhana).

निवर्त्य (nivartya) - Karṇa himself halted. (having turned back, having stopped)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'vṛt' (to turn) with prefix 'ni', using 'lyaP' suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Indicates action completed by Karṇa before the main verb.

संस्तब्य (saṁstabya) - Karṇa steadied himself. (having steadied, having held firm)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'stambh' (to stop) with prefix 'sam', using 'lyaP' suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: stambh (class 5)

Note: Indicates action completed by Karṇa before the main verb.

च (ca) - Connects the two absolutive actions. (and)

(indeclinable)

विद्धगात्रः (viddhagātraḥ) - Describes Karṇa's state. (having a pierced/wounded body)

(compound)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viddha+gātra)

• viddha – pierced, wounded, struck
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vyadh' (to pierce) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: vyadh (class 4)
• gātra – body, limb
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇaḥ'.

दुर्योधनं (duryodhanaṁ) - Object of 'abhyagacchat'. (Duryodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

दक्षिणतः (dakṣiṇataḥ) - Refers to the right side of Duryodhana. (from the right, to the right)

(indeclinable)

From 'dakṣiṇa' (right, south) + 'tas' suffix indicating direction/position.

अभ्यगच्छत् (abhyagacchat) - Karṇa approached Duryodhana. (approached, went towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect active, 3rd person singular

From root 'gam' (class 1, parasmāipada) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā'. The 'abhi-ā-gam' compound means 'to approach'.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Here, referring to Arjuna as Karṇa's typical adversary or focus in battle. (Pārtha (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Arjuna

Note: Provides context for Karṇa's warrior status and typical opponent.

नृवीरः (nṛvīraḥ) - Epithet for Karṇa. (hero among men)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+vīra)

• nṛ – man, people
  noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, brave man
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇaḥ'.

युधि (yudhi) - Refers to the context of Karṇa facing Pārtha. (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

हेममाली (hemamālī) - Epithet for Karṇa. (wearing a golden garland)

(compound)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hema+mālā)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• mālā – garland, wreath
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇaḥ'.