महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-61, verse-5

द्रोणः कृपश्चैव विविंशतिश्च दुःशासनश्चैव निवृत्य शीघ्रम् ।
सर्वे पुरस्ताद्विततेषुचापा दुर्योधनार्थं त्वरिताभ्युपेयुः ॥५॥

5. droṇaḥ kṛpaścaiva viviṁśatiśca; duḥśāsanaścaiva nivṛtya śīghram ,
sarve purastādvitateṣucāpā; duryodhanārthaṁ tvaritābhyupeyuḥ.

5. droṇaḥ kṛpaḥ ca eva viviṁśatiḥ ca
duḥśāsanaḥ ca eva nivṛtya śīghram
sarve purastāt vitateṣucāpāḥ
duryodhanārtham tvaritāḥ abhyupeyuḥ

5. Drona, Kripa, Vivimshati, and Duhshasana, all quickly turned back. With their bows strung, all of them swiftly advanced from the front for Duryodhana's protection.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Dronacharya, the revered preceptor of the Kuru princes (Drona)

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripacharya, another revered preceptor and warrior (Kripa)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (only, just, indeed, truly, even)

• विविंशतिः (viviṁśatiḥ) - Vivimshati, one of Dhritarashtra's sons (a Kaurava) (Vivimshati)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duhshasana, one of Dhritarashtra's sons (a Kaurava) (Duhshasana)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, also (only, just, indeed, truly, even)

• निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (Drona, Kripa, Vivimshati, Duhshasana) (all, everyone)

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - from the front side (facing the enemy) (from the front, in front of, before)

• विततेषुचापाः (vitateṣucāpāḥ) - the warriors (Drona, Kripa etc.) with their bows ready for combat (having bows strung, with drawn bows)

• दुर्योधनार्थम् (duryodhanārtham) - to protect Duryodhana or aid him in battle (for Duryodhana's sake, for Duryodhana's purpose)

• त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - the warriors, being swift or in haste (hastening, swift, quick)

• अभ्युपेयुः (abhyupeyuḥ) - they approached, they came near

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Dronacharya, the revered preceptor of the Kuru princes (Drona)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of a character in the Mahabharata); a measure of capacity

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripacharya, another revered preceptor and warrior (Kripa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kripa (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, also (only, just, indeed, truly, even)

(indeclinable)

विविंशतिः (viviṁśatiḥ) - Vivimshati, one of Dhritarashtra's sons (a Kaurava) (Vivimshati)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viviṁśati

viviṁśati - Vivimshati (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duhshasana, one of Dhritarashtra's sons (a Kaurava) (Duhshasana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duhshasana (name of a character in the Mahabharata); hard to govern/rule

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, also (only, just, indeed, truly, even)

(indeclinable)

निवृत्य (nivṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here, hence neuter singular accusative or indeclinable.

सर्वे (sarve) - all of them (Drona, Kripa, Vivimshati, Duhshasana) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Refers to the group of warriors mentioned.

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - from the front side (facing the enemy) (from the front, in front of, before)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'puras' with suffix '-tāt'

विततेषुचापाः (vitateṣucāpāḥ) - the warriors (Drona, Kripa etc.) with their bows ready for combat (having bows strung, with drawn bows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitataśucāpa

vitataśucāpa - having bows strung

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vitata+iṣu+cāpa)

• vitata – strung, drawn, spread out
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'tan' with prefix 'vi', past passive participle
  Prefix: vi
  Root: tan (class 8)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• cāpa – bow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the warriors (sarve).

दुर्योधनार्थम् (duryodhanārtham) - to protect Duryodhana or aid him in battle (for Duryodhana's sake, for Duryodhana's purpose)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+artham)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (name of a character)
  proper noun (masculine)
• artham – for the sake of, for the purpose of, object, meaning
  indeclinable

त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - the warriors, being swift or in haste (hastening, swift, quick)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvarita

tvarita - hastened, quickened, quick, swift

Past Passive Participle (secondary formation from root tvar)

Derived from root 'tvar' with suffix '-ita'

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Describes the warriors (sarve).

अभ्युपेयुः (abhyupeyuḥ) - they approached, they came near

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of abhyupā

Perfect (lit)

From root 'i/ay' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'upa'; 3rd person plural active perfect

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: i/ay (class 2)